Foucault

Etude et realisation de sondes pour la caracterisation non destructive par courants de Foucault de couches de cementation des aciers. Les proprietes electromagnetiques des aciers dependent de leur composition, de leurs microstructures et des contraintes appliquees. II est done naturel d essayer d utiliser les parametres electriques et magnetiques des aciers pour evaluer leur microstructure. 

Les experimentations realisees ont montre les larges possibilites d analyse par la methodes des courants de Foucault, de I evolution des divers caracteristiques metallurgiques. 11 permettent, outre la verification du revetement et la determination de son epaisseur, de dormer par un... 

CECCO, Manuel du controle par courants de Foucault Cours avances. Office des normes generates du Canada, Ottawa, 1986. 

STOSSEL (A.), Caracterisation de I etat metallurgique des alliages fer-carbone par la methode des courants de Foucault, Doctorate Thesis, University of sciences of Aix-Marseille, 1980,2. 

WATCHE (G.), LASNIER (J.), MANSIR (M.), BURAIS (N.), NICOLAS (A.), Definition d un logiciel adapte au calcul de I impedance d un capteur a courants de Foucault, CEDRAT recherche, 1985. 

FISET (M.), CHOUINARD (G.), Caracterisation des revetements nitrures et cementes sur Lacier par courants de Foucault, University of Laval, 1992. 

N Madaoui, D Premel, and D Placko. Description et modelisation d un dispositif cx-perimetal 4, courants induits tournants pour la tomographie 3d a courants de foucault. In COFREND Congress on Non Destructive Testing, Nantes, 1997. 

Tors du controle par courants de Foucault, on explode I information foumie a distance par la variation d impedance d un solenoi de au voisinage d un materiau conducteur. Elle est I indice d un transfert d energie a distance entre le solenoi de et le materiau conducteur. 

CECCO, V.S AL manuel du contiole par courants de Foucault-cours avance OTTAWA, office des normes generales du CANADA, 1986, 207p. 

MICHEL F1SET GUY CHOUINARD caracterisation des revetements nitrures et cementer sur I acier par courants de Foucault , universite LAVAL, avril 1992. 

Figure 15. Principle of the Foucault or knife-edge test.

Due to diffraction effects of micron-sized mirrors in a regular array, commonly used techniques for surface characterization based on interferometry are inefficient. To overcome the diffraction effects we have developed a novel surface characterization method with an incoherent light source, based on the Foucault s knife-edge test (Zamkotsian and Dohlen, 1999). Since Leon Foucault introduced the knife-edge test in the last century (Foucault, 1859), it has been widely used for testing optical surfaces (see Ch. 3). The test offers a simple way of obtaining easily understandable, qualitative information of the surface shape. 

Fig. 3.5. (a) Rotating system of coordinates, (b) Foucault s pendulum, (c) illustration of pendulum path. 

A and B are constants and they are independent of time. Bearing in mind that = X + iy, it is simple to find functions x t) and y t), which describe a motion of the pendulum on the earth s surface. In accordance with Equation (3.88) a solution is represented as a product of two functions. The first one characterizes a swinging of the pendulum with the angular velocity p, which depends only on the gravitational field and the length /, while the second is also a sinusoidal function and its period is defined by the frequency of the earth s rotation and the latitude of the point, (Foucault s pendulum). In order to understand the behavior of the pendulum at the beginning consider the simplest case when a rotation is absent, co — 0. Then, we have... 

Centrifugal Partition Chromatography, edited by Alain P Foucault... 

Eco, Umberto. Foucault s pendulum. San Diego (CA) Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989. 641p. ISBN 0151327653... 

A. P. Foucault (Ed.), Centrifugal Partition Chromatography, Chromatographic Science Series, Vol. 68, Marcel Dekker, New York (1995)... 

Foucault, M. (1970), The Birth of the Clinic An Archaeology of the Human Sciences, Pantheon, New York. (A translation of Les Mots et les choses Une archeologie des sciences humaines, Gallimard, Paris, 1966 translated by A. Sheridan). 

Foucault, M. (1963, 1973), The Birth of the Clinic. An Archaeology of Medical Perception, Vintage, New York. 

Foucault, like his French predecessor and mentor, Gaston Bachelard, paid particular attention to the primacy in history of discursive breaks and ruptures in knowledge or belief systems.3 In this and in Foucault s emphasis on the relative coercion that disciplines exercised on their practitioners, he made arguments already familiar to Anglo-American scholars acquainted with Kuhn s characterizations of "normal science" and the reasons for a scientific community s coherent outlook. However, unlike Kuhn, Foucault declined to dissect the so-called hard sciences as objects of inquiry, restricting himself to discourses and power relationships in the medical, biological, and social sciences.4 However, Foucault did see the potential in the application of his method for the destruction of the demarcation between scientific and nonscientific spheres of action and belief. 

Constructivist sociologists of science, more than historians, have entered where Foucault declined to tread, dealing not only with the "big science" of modem times but with the classical period of Robert Boyle and the early Royal Society. Bruno Latour, Steven Shapin, and Simon Schaffer have emphasized social and discursive strategies of coercion and persuasion, marshaled by scientific protagonists who mimic codes of behavior ordinarily associated with the battlefield or the salon.5 This is a sociology of confrontation and conquest that emphasizes the contingent personal and cultural forms that scientific discourse can assume. 

Foucault, Michel. Les mots et les choses Une archeologie des sciences humaines. Paris Gallimard, 1966. 

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