Fossil pattern

Most of the fossil corals from the Alakir Cay outcrops exhibit remarkable fossilization patterns from both morphological, microstructural and mineralogical view-points (summary in Cuif 1980). However, they have been submitted to mineralizing solutions crystallization of blocky calcite has occurred within the corallite internal cavities (Figs 4a-b). In spite of this crystallization process, fibrous aragonite is still well-preserved. For example, the average concentration of Sr is about 0.7% by weight (Fig. 4c), which is similar to the Sr concentration in recent coral fibres. Iron... 

X 10 J/kg(10.4 X 10 Btu/lb) in 1990. The shift in coal production toward western coal deposits also reflects the shift in coal utilization patterns (Table 7). Electric utiUties are increasing coal consumption on both absolute and percentage bases, whereas coke plants, other industrial operations, and residential and commercial coal users are decreasing use of this soHd fossil fuel. 

The preservation of biogenic isotopic signals ( C, N) in fossil bones and teeth is critical in order to interpret paleodiets. Some patterns of variation of these biogenic isotopic signals are characteristic of modern mammals, and their recognition in fossil samples provides a clue for the preservation of biogenic paleodietaiy signals. 

Fossil waxes, also incorrectly known as mineral waxes, are mainly made of odd- and even-numbered n-alkanes presenting various distributions. Paraffin has a simple pattern from C21 to C35, maximising at C27, whereas ozokerite presents a bimodal distribution around C27 and C42. 

Mass spectra of reference vegetable and fossil waxes were also acquired by DI EI-MS with a Shimadzu QP 2010 mass spectrometer equipped with a quadrupole analyser (Figures 4.7 4.9). The mass spectrum of camauba is dominated by a base peak at m/z 57. At low mass range the pattern observed is that already discussed for other waxes with peaks spaced every 28 mass units corresponding to the fragmentation of long linear carbon chains. Two other areas of interest may be mentioned one between m/z 250 and 450... 

Rotty, R. M., and G. Marland. 1986. Fossil fuel combustion Recent amounts, patterns, and trends of C02. In The Changing Carbon Cycle, a Global Analysis. Ed. J. R. Trabalka and D. E. Reichle, New York Springer-Verlag, pp. 474-90. 

PAHs are widespread environmental contaminants resulting from combustion, discharge of fossil fuels, and automobile exhausts [29]. As they are hydrophobic substances, they are strongly adsorbed to the organic fraction of SEs and soils. A different spatial distribution of PAHs was obtained for each of the three analyzed years. However, the upper course of the Ebro River was the most affected area by this contamination during the whole period of study. In Fig. 10, larger dots represent higher contributions of this PAHs contamination pattern than smaller dots. In the year 2004 (upper map on the left of Fig. 10), samples R0 (the closest to the river source) and T8 (an industrial place located in Navarra) were the most affected sites by PAHs contamination. As a result of its location, R0 was not... 

Since the late 1960s, and more especially since 1973, when OPEC policies reversed fossil fuel pricing patterns that had virtually eliminated it as a major component of the Canadian energy economy, coal has not only regained substantial footholds in industrial fuel markets, but also attracted increasingly serious attention as a key resource from which, in future, more diverse energy demands could be met. 

Production and consumption of commercially available fossil fuel, nuclear power, and hydroelectric power in the United States for the year 1992 is shown in Table 2 (12). Coal production is most significant followed by natural gas and petroleum. Electricity generation and utilization patterns are shown in Table 4. Coal is overwhelmingly the most significant energy source used to generate electricity. 

Hubbert (2) shows a graph of the estimated world use of the available fossil energy by combustion. The area under the curves represents the 50 X 1018 kcal. of energy thought to be available. Consumption patterns are shown by curves A and B. The small black space at the lower left hand comer shows the energy which has been burned so far. From this it is seen that fundamental and applied combustion research has a tremendous payoff potential in the near (100 years) future. 

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