Formaldehyde regulations

Brown LP. 1989. Do rats comply with EPA policy on cancer risk assessment for formaldehyde Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 10 196-200. 

From this short analysis, it emerges that in France we believe in reasonable reduction of formaldehyde levels, but we do not intend to engage in rigid formaldehyde regulation, because we believe that ... 

Priha E (1995) Are textile formaldehyde regulations reasonable Experiences from the Finnish textile and clothing industries. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 22 243-249... 

Place 3 3oz packets of Mildewcide into a 1L flask with an electric heating mantle and cork in the neck connected to a gas bubbler immersed in at least 550mL of distilled water. Heat the paraformaldehyde (what is in the Mildewcide) to between 180-200C (a temp, regulator is absolutely necessary for this step or use a silicone oil bath). The paraformaldehyde will depolymerize making formaldehyde gas in about 91% yield. Alternatively, the gas can be bubbled through the Ammonia solution directly (only for the brave ). If the Formaldehyde solution will not be used immedi-... 

As of this writing (1997), researchers are exploring combinations of acids, additives, and catalysts to achieve a suitable economic finish. However, commercial appHcation of these finishes would require costs akin to that of DMDHEU as well as compliance with formaldehyde release levels by consumers, regulators, and the textile industry. Another possible impetus could be marketing considerations. Nevertheless, this work has sparked intense effort in the use of cross-linkers containing ester cross-links and has broadened the scope of cross-linker research. 

Urea—formaldehyde (UF) resias commonly were used ia the past. However, because of the lack of moisture resistance and the potential for the resias to hydroly2e ia the presence of moisture and decompose iato urea and formaldehyde, they are not used as much now. Governmental regulations are under development that eliminate the use of UF resia ia wood products. This would limit the exposure of the pubHc to formaldehyde, a Hsted carciaogen, formed by the decomposition of UF resia. Today most wood products use pheaol—formaldehyde (pheaoHc) resias, but urethane-based resias are becoming more common. 

Actual regulations cone, the subsequent formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels (Germany) according to the German Regulation of Prohibition of Chemicals (former Regulation of Hazardous Substances)... 

The so-called El-emission class describes a wood panel presenting formaldehyde emission which is low enough to prevent any danger, irritation or inflammation of the eyes, nose and mouth mucous membranes. However, it is important that not only the boards themselves, but also the veneering and carpenter s adhesive resins, laquers, varnishes and other sources of formaldehyde are under control, since they also might contribute to the mixture steady state formaldehyde concentration [9]. Table 3 gives an overview on some European regulations. However, it is necessary here to introduce the principal types of composite wood products, especially panels, that are produced in this industry ... 

This problem, namely the formaldehyde emission of the wood panel in service, after its manufacture, can be fortunately regarded to day as more or less solved, due to unequivocal and stringent regulations in many European countries, and successful long-term joint R D in the adhesives and wood-working industries. 

Unlike carbon dioxide and water that are the inevitable by products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons, species such as carbon monoxide, ethene, toluene, and formaldehyde can be emitted because combustion has been interrupted before completion. Many factors lead to emissions from incomplete combustion. Emitted unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are regulated pollutants that must be eliminated. In automobiles with spark ignited engines, these emissions are almost entirely removed by the catalytic converter. 

Formaldehyde is a harmful compound released from walls and furnitures in new houses because adhesives containing HCHO are often used in constmction materials. In addition, H CHO is emitted by tobacco smoke and combustion exhaust gases. Long exposure to HCHO causes serious health problems called sick house diseases. In Japan, the concentration of HCHO in indoor air is regulated [54] to under 0.08 ppm based on the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO). 

Japan has regulations for harmful substances, and the most relevant for the leather industry is the Law 112 restricting harmful substances (e.g. formaldehyde) in household products. 

Determine (a) whether the following chemicals are covered under the PSM regulation and (b) their threshold quantities ammonia (anhydrous), hydrogen selenide, formaldehyde, methane, and ethanol. 

Formaldehyde emission regulations, 15 776 Formaldehyde gas, 12 110 Formaldehyde-hydroquinone developers, 19 210... 

There is an obligation to respect limits of residual monomer rates. For example, after application of urea-formaldehyde resin, the residual rate of formaldehyde is limited according to national regulations... 

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