Formaldehyde 960 INDEX

Specifications and Analytical Methods. The commercial aqueous solution is specified as 34% minimum butynediol, as determined by bromination or refractive index. Propargyl alcohol is limited to 0.2% and formaldehyde to 0.7%. 

Density and refractive index are nearly linear functions of formaldehyde and methanol concentration. Based on available data (16—19), the density may be expressed ia g/cm by the following approximation ... 

Only 1,3,5,7-tetraazaadamantane is known. It is also called hexamethylenetetramine (93) (HMT), hexamine, aminoform, ammoform, cyctamin, cystogen, formin, uritone, urotropin, and methenamine. It is listed by the last name in the Merck Index. It is prepared from formaldehyde and ammonia. The chemistry of this well-known compound is not discussed in this review. 

Hydroxydimethylperoxide. (Called methyl-oxymethyl-peroxid in Ger). CH300CH20H, mw 78.07, OB -82% colorless oil of penetrating odor, will not freeze in ice-salt mixture, bp 45° at 17 mm d 1.11 at 15°, refract index 1.398 at 15° sol in water, ale, eth, benz pet eth. Prepd by reacting methylhydroperoxide with formaldehyde in ether. Explodes on heating above 50° decomposes on long storage. 

No studies were located regarding the presence of BCME in human tissues and fluids. It is expected that BCME does not endure in tissues due to its rapid hydrolysis. Measurement of the hydrolysis products (formaldehyde and HC1) is unlikely to be a useful index of exposure, since levels of these products are highly variable due to formation from other sources, and the contribution from BCME would be extremely small and almost certainly would not be detectable against background.levels. 

There is little need or opportunity to measure BCME in biological samples because of its rapid hydrolysis in water to yield formaldehyde and chloride. The abundance of chloride and, to a lesser extent, of formaldehyde, in biological materials precludes use of these hydrolysis products as an index of exposure to BCME. Therefore, the analysis of BCME in biological samples from exposed humans is virtually impossible. 

Incidents of several different types have arisen from reactions involving neutralisation of an acid with a base where the exotherm (57.3 kJ/equivalent for strong acid—strong base reactions) has not occurred smoothly over an extended period, but has been sudden in effect for various reasons. Individually indexed neutralisation incidents are f Formaldehyde, Magnesium carbonate hydroxide, 0415 Potassium hydroxide, Acids, 4422 Sodium carbonate, 0549 Sulfuric acid, 4-Methylpyridine, 4473 Sulfuric acid, Diethylamine, 4473 2,4,6-Trichloro-l,3,5-triazine, 2-Ethoxyethanol, 1035 See related UNIT process or unit operation incidents... 

Capello et al.16 applied LCA to 26 organic solvents (acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, butanol, butyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, dioxane, dimethylformamide, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, formaldehyde, formic acid, heptane, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, methyl acetate, pentane, n- and isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and xylene). They applied the EHS Excel Tool36 to identify potential hazards resulting from the application of these substances. It was used to assess these compounds with respect to nine effect categories release potential, fire/explosion, reaction/decomposition, acute toxicity, irritation, chronic toxicity, persistency, air hazard, and water hazard. For each effect category, an index between zero and one was calculated, resulting in an overall score between zero and nine for each chemical. Figure 18.12 shows the life cycle model used by Capello et al.16... 

Overlay Paper. Overlay paper is a-cellulose paper of high purity, with substance weight in the range 20 to 80 g m-2. An essential feature is the refractive index, which is virtually identical with that of melamine-formaldehyde resin hence, after lamination—when all the fibres of the paper are wetted and consolidated with resin devoid of air—the overlay becomes transparent. It forms a durable, hard, clear layer to protect the decorative print layer below. 

In the additive approach, the loss index is increased by placing a high-loss material in contact with a low-loss material. The high-loss material heats and transfers its heat to the low-loss load. Some examples of such additives are carbon black in rubber, NaCl in urea-formaldehyde glue for wood and polyvinylchloride in polyurethane foam (2). 

A similar comparison was made between GIAO and coc indexes for the series of formaldehyde. The results are displayed in Figure 4b. From the resulting regression equation showed in Figure lib, the GIAO values for the acetaldehyde series were predicted. They are displayed in Table 19, eighth column.162... 

Figure 11a Comparison between 13C NMR/IGLO(II) chemical shifts and the local electrophilicity index, coc, for the monocation-, dication- and the neutral formaldehyde species. R is the regression coefficient...

Hoxey EV, Soper CJ, Davies DJG. 1985. Biological indicators for low temperature steam formaldehyde sterilization Effect of defined media on sporulation, germination index and moist heat resistance at 110 degrees C of bacillus strains. J Appl Bacteriol 58 207-214. 

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