Formaldehyde copolymers

An alternative copolymerization is illustrated by the method of Blasius. In this preparation, a phenol-formaldehyde (novolac) type system is formed. Monobenzo-18-crown-6, for example, is treated with a phenol (or alkylated aromatic like xylene) and formaldehyde in the presence of acid. As expected for this type of reaction, a highly crosslinked resin results. The method is illustrated in Eq. (6.23). It should also be noted that the additional aromatic can be left out and a crown-formaldehyde copolymer can be prepared in analogy to (6.22). ... 

Chatterjee and Sethi [62] worked out the complexation of p-bromophenol-formaldehyde copolymer (PPF) with PVPo and PEO in the mixed solvent ace-... 

MC MDI MEKP MF MMA MPEG MPF NBR NDI NR OPET OPP OSA PA PAEK PAI PAN PB PBAN PBI PBN PBS PBT PC PCD PCT PCTFE PE PEC PEG PEI PEK PEN PES PET PF PFA PI PIBI PMDI PMMA PMP PO PP PPA PPC PPO PPS PPSU Methyl cellulose Methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide Melamine formaldehyde Methyl methacrylate Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether Melamine-phenol-formaldehyde Nitrile butyl rubber Naphthalene diisocyanate Natural rubber Oriented polyethylene terephthalate Oriented polypropylene Olefin-modified styrene-acrylonitrile Polyamide Poly(aryl ether-ketone) Poly(amide-imide) Polyacrylonitrile Polybutylene Poly(butadiene-acrylonitrile) Polybenzimidazole Polybutylene naphthalate Poly(butadiene-styrene) Poly(butylene terephthalate) Polycarbonate Polycarbodiimide Poly(cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate) Polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly(ethylene glycol) Poly(ether-imide) Poly(ether-ketone) Polyethylene naphthalate Polyether sulfone Polyethylene terephthalate Phenol-formaldehyde copolymer Perfluoroalkoxy resin Polyimide Poly(isobutylene), Butyl rubber Polymeric methylene diphenylene diisocyanate Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methylpentene) Polyolefins Polypropylene Polyphthalamide Chlorinated polypropylene Poly(phenylene oxide) Poly(phenylene sulfide) Poly(phenylene sulfone)... 

Effects of Phenol-Formaldehyde Copolymer on Gluebond Performance of Lignin-Phenolic Resin Systems... 

The earliest polymers of practical use were prepared by step-growth reactions, most notable among them Bakelite, a phenol-formaldehyde copolymer first marketed in 1910 [4]. Its name was long almost synonymous with synthetic plastics and resins, has become generic, and is no longer restricted to phenol-formaldehyde copolymers. Most but not all step-growth polymerizations are condensations. 

Some polymers containing heterocycles can be included in resins following further condensation. This is possible, for example, for poly(furfuryl alcohol), which can condense with formaldehyde, phenol, melamine and urea. Furfuryl alcohol-formaldehyde copolymer can be synthesized in the reaction of furfuryl alcohol with formaldehyde in the presence of oxalic acid as catalyst. 

This copolymer can be obtained from a polydimethylsiloxane that has aminoalkyl end groups in a reaction with the polyetherimide formed from the reaction of a bis(ether anhydride) with diaminobenzene. The material is fire resistant and is used in cable insulations. Among other more complex copolymers with practical applications are poly[2,2-propanebis(4-phenyl)-carbonate]-b/ock-poly(dimethylsiloxane)] and a silicone phenol formaldehyde copolymer obtained in two steps, the first being the heating of a polydimethylsiloxane that has reactive end groups with glycerol, and the second step being the reaction with a phenol formaldehyde resin. 

One important example of cross-linking involves phenol-formaldehyde copolymers (Fig. 23.3). When these two compounds are mixed (with the phenol in excess in the presence of an acid catalyst), straight-chain polymers form. The first step is the addition of formaldehyde to phenol to give methylolphenol ... 

Polystyrene-methylene-phosphonic acid Resorcinol arsonic acid/ formaldehyde copolymer Duolite ES 467... 

The trioxane copolymer, for example, differed from the formaldehyde copolymer by a narrower distribution of C-C bonds (80.3% of individual blocks against 45—50%) and a more uniform distribution of these bonds among the copolymer fractions. At the same time, the high-molecular-weight fractions of the formaldehyde copolymer had very few C—C bonds this is what caused the increased thermal stability and melting temperature of this product, as compared with the trioxane copolymer, which has the same overall content of C-C bonds. 

By reaction of phosphorylated materials with aldehydes, amines or with isocyanates highly thermally stable products have been then produced. TGA studies have indicated their superior properties compared to conventional cardanol/formaldehyde resins of the novolac type. It was also found that a phosphorylated CNSL polymer had improved adhesive properties when compared with conventional CNSUformaldehyde resins (ref.248) and certain compounded products had wear, fade and frictional properties comparable to those of conventional PhOH/formaldehyde/copolymer brake Hnings (ref.249). The phosphorylated product from CNSL and its bromination derivative possessed good fire-retardant characteristics (ref. 250). Phosphorus derivatives of cardanol and of 3-pentadecylphenol have been studied by reaction with phosphorus oxychloride and its thio analogue (ref. 251). 

The method was extended to novolak and resol cardanol/formaldehyde copolymers. HO-protected phenolic lipids have also been reacted. Thus, cardanol methyl ether and esters have been hydrosilated with HSiClj and then reacted with methanol to afford methoxysilyl products useful as coupling agents for phenolic resins in sand cores (ref. 256). 

The adhesive developed for the manufacture of damp-ply-resistant corrugated cardboard are based on the addition of spray-dried wattle extract, urea-formaldehyde resin, and formaldehyde to a typical Stein-Hall starch formula of 18 to 22% starch content [60,61]. The wattle tannin-urea-formaldehyde copolymer formed in situ, and any free... 

The resins are either phenol-formaldehyde (PF), or urea-formaldehyde/phenol-formaldehyde copolymers (UF/PF), both being "resols", with a formaldehyde/phenol ratio higher than one. 

Formaldehyde copolymer with urea. See Urea-formaldehyde resin... 

Melamine/formal copolymer Melamine/formaldehyde copolymer. See... 

Synonyms Melamine/formal copolymer Melamine/formaldehyde copolymer Melamine, polymer with formaldehyde Melamine resin Polyoxymethylene melamine (INCI) 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, polymer with formaldehyde... 

Synonyms Butylated melamine-formaldehyde resin Poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde), bulylated ClassiTication Formaldehyde copolymer... 

Synonyms Methyiated-butyiated meiamine-formaidehyde resin Poly (melamine-co-formaldehyde), methylated/butylated Classification Formaldehyde copolymer Properties Dens. 1.096 flash pt. 110 C ref. index 1.5010 (20 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 5000 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 5000 mg/kg toxic harmful by ing. inh., skin absorption irritating to eyes, skin, respiratory system sensitizer may cause allergic skin reaction cancer suspect agent mutagen... 

Synonyms Eormaldehyde copolymer with urea Eormaldehyde/urea condensate Eormaldehyde/urea copolymer Eormaldehyde/urea polymer Eormaldehyde/urea precondensate Eormaldehyde/urea prepolymer Eormaldehyde/urea resin Formalin/urea copolymer Methylolurea resin Paraformaldehyde/urea polymer Paraformaldehyde/urea resin Polynoxylin Polyoxymethylene urea (INCI) UF Ure ormaldehyde adduct Urea/formaldehyde condensate Urea/formaldehyde copolymer Urea/formaldehyde oligomer Urea/formaldehyde polymer Urea/ formaldehyde precondensate Urea/formaldehyde prepolymer Urea, polymer with formaldehyde Classification Amino resin thermosetting resin Definition Thermosetting resin formed from condensation reaction of formaldehyde with urea formu/a (CH,N20 CH2O),... 

Synonyms Methylated urea-formaldehyde resin Poly (urea-co-formal-dehyde), methylated Classification Formaldehyde copolymer... 

Formaldehyde, bis (2-chloroethyl) acetal Formaldehyde bis (p-chloroethyl) acetal. See Bis (2-chloroethoxy) methane Formaldehyde copolymer with urea. See Urea-formaldehyde resin... 

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