Foreign country, costs

Rept. 7, A Report on the Cultivation of Ramie in the United States, with Statements Concerning the Practice in Foreign Countries, Cost of Cultivation and Percentages of Yield, the Machine Question, and Preparation of the Fiber for Manufacture, 1895. 

Preliminary estimates of costs in foreign countries are difficult due to rapidly changing conditions overseas. For the many companies that do not have construction experience in foreign countries, or in the one being considered, help from a contractor who has built plants in that country is necessary in adjusting U.S. costs. If literature data is needed. References 30 and 31 give some data on foreign construction. 

Increased harmonization offers clear benefits for public health. It can increase the safety and quality of food produced and sold in foreign countries or food imported from other countries, as more countries participate in the international standard setting process. Harmonization benefits industry by replacing many different standards with one international standard that must be met. In the long run, harmonization will bring cost savings to industry, open markets, enhance opportunities for export, and, in some cases, lessen the time needed to bring new products to market. 

Low Cost-Reliable Supply. Maltodextrins and corn syrup solids carry a much lower cost than almost all other encapsulating matrix ingredients, They are produced both in the U.S. and in foreign countries by several suppliers, so they are readily available. When used alone or as one of a combination of encapsulation matrix ingredients, maltodextrins and corn syrup solids are an effective part of the encapsulating system. 

The obsidian excavated from Trinidad de Nosotros demonstrates that obsidian trade during the Postclassic period was as complex as other periods. And, inland trade, as seen, through evidence of a trans-shipment port, was different than coastal trade. In addition to the cultural aspect of this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to successfully use a field-portable XRF to correlate obsidian artifacts to their sources. Not only were sources identified, but the process was rapid (4-6 minutes per sample), cost-effective, and as accurate and precise as more traditional methods of analysis. Above all, and perhaps most importantly, when working with artifacts from museum collections and foreign countries, the process was non-destructive to the artifacts. 

Let us now assume that N firms in a given foreign country, with a variable production cost c and a transportation cost tc, are cost-competitive enough to be part of the equilibrium on the... 

European special-purpose rotating tanks have been used successfully by at least one North Coast winery, but the cost of the equipment and space required has discouraged expansion of this facility. Continuous fermentation systems have been introduced in foreign countries but are only in very limited use in northern California. Dangers of contamination, cooling difficulties, and the need for a continuous flow of must make them unsuited for premium wine production. Heating is another way to liberate color and tannins from the skins but until recently all experiments have produced wines of inferior quality and, therefore, have not been used in the coastal counties of California. 

Drilling costs depends on the depth to be drilled as well as the nature of the rocks (hard or soft). Other factors are the distance from water and other supplies, method of transport and access to the site. In foreign countries royalties and other profit-sharing expenses or taxes may deplete 50% of the net profit and more. 

Pharmaceutical companies have high research and development costs to bear. In order to provide these funds, they have to sell their products worldwide, and not just in their home country. Countries often demand that if a pharmaceutical is to be sold in their country, then the company concerned must conduct some manufacture in that country. The result of this is that secondary manufacturing facilities are set up in many foreign countries, with the result that the secondary commissioning activities of large pharmaceutical companies are often done abroad. This is an important factor to bear in mind, as up-to-date knowledge of the construction and operation of pharmaceutical plants with clean room facilities is not present in all foreign countries. 

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