Cultural aspects

Cultural Aspects of Data Collection System Design... 

Nevertheless, parallel to this, there has also been a growing and renewed interest in understanding the role played by culture in mental disorders in order to allow cultural aspects to be included in the conceptualization of psychopathologies, in the light of the results obtained by a large number of research studies (for a review, see Lopez Guarnaccia, 2005). 

First, we are going to briefly review some of the terms used to refer to ethnic differences and to describe the processes that take place when two or more cultural groups come into contact with each other. Second, we will outline some studies that illustrate how cultural aspects can affect, for example, the prevalence of certain disorders, the different ways symptoms are manifested, how therapeutic aid is sought or the efficacy of different forms of treatment. Cultural aspects can determine the appearance of syndromes that are specific to each culture (culture-bound syndromes) or can affect the manifestation of the symptoms that make up the different mental disorders. We will then show how cultural variations have been incorporated into the different systems of classification. Last, we will also detail the current recommendations on including cultural aspects in the diagnoses of mental disorders. 

Considerations of cultural aspects can offer an alternative framework in which various aspects that may influence the effects of treatment can be identified. With regard to how the patient responds to therapy, some of the arguments used to justify the lack of efficacy of certain treatments for mental disorders have included the elements such as the patient s dissatisfaction, unequal access to medical care or the high costs of such treatments (Wight, Botticello Aneshensel, 2006 Aneshensel Phelan, 1999). However, in order to understand this lack of efficacy it is necessary to take into account explanations that derive from, for example, anthropological and transcultural research. 

The theories on individual decision making from other scientific disciplines tend to stress factors such as status, social peer pressure, time availability, mood, cultural aspects, self-affirmation, altruism, and self-perception, as explanatory variables to decision making [12, 13]. These latter factors are far less favourable for economic valuation since the value would be unpredictable and varying dependent on situation. They may, however, provide an equally or even better description of decision making. 

The obsidian excavated from Trinidad de Nosotros demonstrates that obsidian trade during the Postclassic period was as complex as other periods. And, inland trade, as seen, through evidence of a trans-shipment port, was different than coastal trade. In addition to the cultural aspect of this study, we have demonstrated that it is possible to successfully use a field-portable XRF to correlate obsidian artifacts to their sources. Not only were sources identified, but the process was rapid (4-6 minutes per sample), cost-effective, and as accurate and precise as more traditional methods of analysis. Above all, and perhaps most importantly, when working with artifacts from museum collections and foreign countries, the process was non-destructive to the artifacts. 

There are many reasons to use moisturizers. There is evidence of biological effects, which justify the medical use of moisturizers. In addition, there are however also possible psychological and cultural aspects to the use of these substances, which may provide an underlying drift toward continued use. The application of a moisturizer involves extensive touching either by the self or by another person. Both these forms of touching have psychological implications, which reinforce the use of moisturizers. Historically creams and emollients have been used not only in a medicinal capacity but as cultural elements. Finally, these many aspects are combined in market forces, which strive to meet demand for moisturization and promote expanded use. 

Social and cultural aspects of cannabis use in C osta Rica. 

Rawat, Y.S. (2006). Vegetational analysis, Socio-economic and Cultural aspects of Salix sp. in Cold Desert Environment, North-Western Himalaya (HP). Ph.D. Thesis, HNB, Garhwal University Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand, 270+xiii pp. 

Hospitality must not be extended beyond a reasonable period after the event. It must always be secondary to the main purpose of the meeting, which is the scientific goal. The presence of accompanying individuals shall not be permitted. In no case shall social or cultural aspects predominate over scientific issues. 

The scientific goals must represent the main focus in the organisation of such meetings. Social or cultural aspects must not predominate and on no account must sponsorship or organisation of entertainment events include sport or leisure activities. 

Hartog J, Hartog EA. 1983. Cultural aspects of health and illness behavior in hospitals . West J. Med. 139(6) 910-926. 

Major clinical hazard, mifepristone. This prostaglandin analog is capable of inducing abortion of a uterine pregnancy of less than 49 days duration when administered orally. In 2000, it was approved in the United States amidst controversy associated with the cultural aspects of pregnancy and its termination. 

This is an example of a risk management program that currently appears to have been scaled appropriately for the minimization of direct clinical hazard. Cultural aspects of this form of therapy continue to provoke protest at product availability, and reported adverse events are also used to keep these protests in the public eye. 

---