Forced Circulation Established

Gases diffuse from areas of high partial pressure to areas of low partial pressure thus, the tension of anesthetic in the alveoli provides the driving force to establish brain tension. In fact, the tension of anesthetic in all body tissue will tend to rise toward the lung tension as equilibrium is approached. Consequently, factors that control or modify the rate of accumulation of anesthetic in the lung (e.g., rate of gas delivery, uptake of gas from the lung into the pulmonary circulation) will simultaneously influence the rate at which tension equilibria in other body compartments is established. 

The reactor coolant pumps provide sufficient forced circulation flow through the Reactor Coolant System to assure adequate heat removal from the reactor core during power operation. A low limit on reactor coolant pump flow rate (i.e., design flow) is established to assure that Specified Acceptable Fuel Design Limits (SAFDLs) are not exceeded. Design flow is derived on the basis of the thermal-hydraulic considerations presented in Section 5.2. 

At 13 h 20 min, utility executives offsite ordered the emergency conunand team to repressurize the system again. The objective was to collapse enough steam to permit the restart of a loop A reactor coolant pump. This would establish forced circulation through the core and heat removal by steaming in loop A steam generator. 

A deep bed, sufficiently small or stratified particle sizes, and/or a small coolant fraction could produce dryout in the bed even after it is initially quenched. Forced circulation of coolant through some possible configurations of in-vessel debris bed would be required to prevent dryout. Maintaining forced circulation was considered to be of paramount importance once it was re-established at TMI-2. 

In addition to the brief water injection, operators also tried to establish natural convection cooling as a means to cool the reactor. They had already determined that forced circulation using the reactor coolant pumps could not be established due to the large vibrations that would be caused by pumping the steam/water mixture now found throughout the reactor vessel. It was clear that operating the pumps would quickly lead to pump failure. 

The time-dependence of void formation in Inconel, as observed both in thermal-convection and forced-circulation systems, indicates that the attack is initially quite rapid but that, it then decreases until a straight-line relationship exists between depth of void formation and time. This effect can 1)0 explained in terms of the corrosion reactions discussed above. The initial rapid attack found for both types of loops stems from the reaction of cliromium with impurities in the molt [reactions (13-1) and (13-2)] and with the FF4 constituent of the salt [reaction (13-3)] to establish a quasi-etiuilibrium amount of CrF2 in the salt. At this point attack proceeds linearly with time and occurs by a mass-transfer mechanism which, although it arises from a different cause, is similar to the phenomenon of temperature-gradient mass transfer observed in liquid metal corrosion. 

The distribution of chemical components within the ocean is determined by both transportation and transformation processes. A brief outline of oceanic circulation is necessary to ascertain the relative influences. Two main flow systems must be considered. Surface circulation is established by tides and the prevailing wind patterns and deep circulation is determined by gravitational forces. Both are modified by Coriolis force, the acceleration due to the earth s rotation. It acts to deflect moving fluids i.e., both air and water) to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. The magnitude of the effect is a function of latitude, being nil at the equator and increasing poleward. 

Gas gangrene is very difficult to treat. Because the bacteria establish an anaerobic region of cell death and cut off the local circulation, systemic antibiotics do not infiltrate the wound and kin the bacteria. Even our immune response is stymied. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the necrotic tissue accompanied by antibiotic therapy. In some cases a hyperbaric oxygen chamber is employed. The infected extremity is placed in an environment with a very high partial pressure of oxygen. The oxygen forced into the tissues is poisonous to the bacteria, and they die. 

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