Food sources Assessment

To serve as an indicator of appropriate food sources (mainly for animals) and to assess food quality (mainly human perceptions)... 

In addition to the pigment concentration in the respective food source, the color quality is of major importance for plant material quality assessment and selection during production and storage. Color quality also strongly affects consumer purchase decisions. Since red beet is still the sole betalain source exploited commercially, quality parameters have been developed for beet preparations. The most important one is the so-called color shade representing a ratio of two absorbance values, namely for betaxanthins and for betacyanins, respectively, A (at 535 mn)/A (at 480 nm). 

Until very recently the risks associated with different types of chemicals such as food additives, pesticides, environmental contaminants and natural constituents of food were assessed and managed separately. However, a particular substance might fall into two or more of these categories and so the opportunity for simultaneous exposure might be overlooked. Furthermore, exposure to a chemical could occur through diet, drinking water, air pollution or dermal absorption. Aggregate exposure assessment aims to take all of the possible sources and routes of exposure into account in a realistic manner and thereby obtain a better overall estimate of risk. Initiatives have been set up in both the... 

Slattery, M.L. Sorenson, A.W. Mahoney, A.W. French, T.K. Kritchevsky, D. Street, J.C. 1988. Diet and colon cancer—assessment of risk by fibre type and food source. J. Natl. Caneer Inst. 80 1474-1480. 

Finally, surveillance of food sources, particularly those derived from hvestock, should be assessed to determine... 

Biomagnification is a phenomenon which is to date not fully understood. It is imperative to understand biomagnification if the protection of organism of all trophic levels is to be considered. An understanding of the metal content of food source of higher trophic levels, and the environment in which they live, must be assessed (Timmermans 1992 Goodyear 1999). 

Natural diets will usually contain sufficient variety that such a low level of n-3 fat intake would be avoided. However, when the diet is limited to one food source such as when formulas are given to infants or in the case of parenteral nutrition, very low n-3 fatty acid intake becomes possible. In related studies in which nine groups of rats with varying levels of brain DHA were assessed for spatial task performance, it was observed that significant changes in performance could not be observed when the DHA level was more than 60% of the n-3 Adq level (47). Thus, the loss of 20% of brain DHA described in the human autopsy studies would probably not be expected to lead to spatial task performance losses. However, in many in-... 

The Committee concluded that sodium iron EDTA is suitable for use as a source of iron for food fortification to fulfil the nutritional iron requirements, provided that the total intake of iron from all food sources including contaminants does not exceed the PMTDI of 0.8 mg/kg bw (Annex 1, reference 62). Additionally, the total intake of EDTA should not exceed acceptable levels, also taking into account the intake of EDTA from the food additive use of other EDTA compounds. An ADI of 0-2.5 mg/kg bw was previously established for the calcium disodium and disodium salts of EDTA, equivalent to up to 1.9 mg EDTA/kg bw (Annex 1, reference 32). A preliminary exposure assessment based on suggested levels of fortification for sodium iron EDTA indicates that the intake of EDTA in infants and children up to the age of 13 already is at or exceeds the upper limit of the ADI for EDTA. 

The new descriptions of the 13 GEMS/Food Consumption Cluster Diets (World Flealth Crganization, 2006) and the actual AFL levels in foods moving in international trade considered in this assessment together provide a refinement of dietary exposure assessments for tree nuts and the relative contribution of other food sources to overall dietary exposure to AFL, which makes the diets and ML scenarios more relevant than those used for the previous evaluation by the Committee. 

The intake of antioxidant food sources by these individuals was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. In 10 years later after that, their cartilage volume, bone area, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions were assessed approximately using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 

But since food sources may suddenly become scarce, through increased competition and dwindhng supply, hunger may force the mouse to re-evaluate his risk assessment and re-consider the mousetrap as a viable source of food. In other words, the mouse has been forced to rationalize his former assessment of the risk. 

---