Flynn. James

The dependent variables used in these studies are variables that you would expect to show this pattern in an intensely competitive society such as the USA. We should bear in mind that it is at least possible that different sorts of results would be obtained in a collectivist society such as East Asian societies. These variables could be rather culture-specific. This issue impacts on what James Flynn raised about changing the cultural environment over time, and even the question of social intelligence. Do you agree that many of these data may be very much culture bound The USA is a very peculiar society. 

Rutter In terms of causal mechanisms we need to come back to James Flynn s point, that the explanation for individual differences may or may not be the same as the explanation for changes over time. This is an empirical question. It s easy to think of examples where the causes are quite different. There are other examples where they probably are very similar. 

James Flynn took a quite different approach in alerting us to the major rise in measured intelligence that has taken place over time. His findings are convincing in their inference that the rise has been real and not just an artefact of IQ test familiarity. It is evident that some sort of environmental influences must be responsible for the rise, although uncertainty remains on quite what such influences may be. 

My thanks also to the following reviewers for their valuable chapter critiques Dr. James W. Campbell, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University Dr. David Daleke, Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University Dr. Beverly Delidow, School of Medicine, Marshall University Dr. JoAnne Flynn, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Dr. Jennifer A. Pietenpol, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Dr. Connie Prosser, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Alberta Dr. Kevin D. Sarge, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky ... 

When Lilly s Ceclor (cefaclor) comes off patent in the U.S. in 1992, unit sales of the antibiotic, which account for roughly 15 percent of the company s total sales, could be eroded by 70-80 percent by generic competition in the first 18 months, according to Kidder, Peabody analyst James Flynn. 

Nicotinic mechanisms may be important in explaining the pathophysiology and in designing treatments for AD (James and Nordberg, 1995). Patients suffering from AD have a marked reduction in cortical nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding compared to age-matched controls (Flynn and Mash, 1986 Whitehouse et al., 1986 Aubert et al.,... 

Submitted by GEORGE B. KAUFFMAN, RUSSELL FULLER, JAMES FELSER, CHARLES M. FLYNN, JR.,t and MICHAEL T. POPEt Checked by LOUIS C. W. BAKERt... 

This is the Flynn effect, named after James R. Flynn, the New Zealand psychologist who first brought the phenomenon to everyone s attention.35 Within a few years it was further discovered that the effect is also occurring in 14 nations around the world.36 The number of nations has now grown to 23T... 

Catherine C. Fenselau, University of Maryland George W. Flynn, Columbia University Mauricio Futran, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Robert Hwang, Sandia National Laboratory Jay V. Ihlenfeld, 3M Research Development James L. Kinsey, Rice University Martha A, Krebs, California Energy Commission William A. Lester, Jr., University of California, Berkeley Gregory O. Nelson, Eastman Chemical Company Gerald V. Poje, Independent Consultant, Vienna, VA Donald Prosnitz, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Matthew V. Tirrell, University of California, Santa Barbara... 

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