Fly amanita

Fliegen-gift, n. fly poison, -holz, n. quassia wood, -kobalt, m, = Fliegenstein. -leim, m. fly glue, -papier, n. fly paper, -pilz, m. — Fliegenschwamm. -pulver, n. fly powder, -schwamm, m. fly agaric, fly amanita (Amo-nita muscaria). -stein, m. native arsenic. 

The first structural elucidation of a naturally occurring vanadium compound has been achieved. Amavadine, which has been isolated from the fly Amanita muscaria, has been shown by degradative, synthetic, and spectroscopic studies to have the structure (32) (p.54). The use of the vanadyl group as a new spectroscopic probe of metal binding sites in proteins has been demonstrated by its incorporation into insulin. E.s.r., optical, and i.r. spectra of the protein-bound have indicated that it is held on two types of site the co-ordination geometry about the metal was determined in each case. This approach should be valuable in the study of other metalloproteins. ... 

Pigments known as betalains occur in centrosper-mae, e. g., in red beet and also in some mushrooms (the red cap of fly amanita). They consist of red-violet betacyanins (Amax 540 nm) and yellow betaxanthins (Amax 480nm). They have the general structure ... 

Amino Acid Hallucinogens Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria... 

Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) is a mushroom that grows in forests, often under birches, firs, and larches (Schultes and Hofman 1980, 1992). It has a reddish, flat, and ovate cap, with distinct white warts over the surface. Another variety has an orange or yellowish cap, with yellow warts. The stem is white, cylindrical, and hollow, with a bulbous shape at the bottom (figure 9.17). 

The Amanita genus comprises about 50 or 60 species, with vaiying chemical constituents—a number of which are toxic (Schultes and Hofman 1980, 1992). Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) grows in widespread northern temperate zones of Eurasia and North America. In North... 

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria). Schultes RE, Flofman A. (1980). The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens, 2nd ed. Springfield, III. Charles C. Thomas Publishers. 

The muscarinic ACh receptors (of which there are at least five subtypes) are metabotropic. Their name is derived from the alkaloid muscarine, which is found in the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria), for example. Like ACh, muscarine is bound at the receptor, but in contrast to ACh (see C), it is not broken down and therefore causes permanent stimulation of muscle. 

Stimulation - excitatory amino acids -headache, confusion, hallucinations Red alga (red tide), Green alga Mushrooms - Amanita family (fly agaric), flat pea [Lathyrus] Kainic acid, domoic acid -concentrated in shellfish, Ibotenic acid, muscarinic acid, (hallucinations) Latthyrism - motor neuron degeneration... 

Muscarine Muscarine, molecular formula C9H2qN02, first isolated from fly agaric Amanita muscaria, occurs in certain mushrooms, especially in the species of the genera Inocybe and Clitocybe. It is a parasympathomimetic substance. It causes profound activation of the peripheral parasympathetic nervous system, which may result in convulsions and death. Muscarine mimics the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. 

Source mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly agaric) found in north temperate climates in wooded areas especially around birch trees... 

Datura preparations are used in magic and witchcraft in many areas of the world. Amanita muscaria, the fly agaric mushroom, was not only probably used by the ancient Vikings when they went into battle, but, according to recent evi-... 

FLY AGARIC -- Amanita muscaria. Family Agaricaceae (Agaric family). 

Psilocybin and psilocin molecules are the primary psychedelic agents in the psychoactive mushrooms known so far, but four related molecules may in some way contribute to the mental effects. The term "psilocybian mushrooms has been proposed to include all of the dozens of species containing psilocybin it will be used in that sense here. Quite distinct isoxazolic molecules are present in the Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) and Amanita pantherina (Panther Caps) mushroom species, which are said by some people to create psychedelic states. 

The Fly Agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was the earliest fungi species recognized as having psychoactive potential. It was used by shamans in Siberia and in an area along the eastern part of the U.S.-Canadian border and may have inspired the world s earliest religious text, the Rig-Veda. Panther Caps (Amanita pantherina) contain psychoactive principles similar to those in Fly Agarics, which are drawn here about half natural size. 

Fascinated for nearly a half century by Siberian use of Amanita muscaria mushrooms, Wasson compared Native American practices and concluded that shamanistic employment of Fly Agaric was "circumpolar in extent and that the rituals were similar. The only important difference he found was in regard to the "reindeer symbolism associated with these mushrooms in Siberia in North America, there is no such symbolism because there are no such animals. Remarkable similarities in practices and beliefs had already been described by the Wassons in Mushrooms, Russia and History (1957) ... 

The earliest report found by the Wassons about Siberian Amanita muscaria practices came from a Polish prisoner of war, who wrote in 1658 about the "Ob-Ugrian Ostyak of the Irtysh region in western Siberia. Published in 1874, it says "They eat certain fungi in the shape of fly-agarics, and thus they get drunk worse than on vodka, and for them that s the very best banquet. ... 

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