Psychedelic agent 3

Williams, Kenneth E. Detailed Facts About Psychedelic Agent 3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate (BZ). Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, 1996. 

A much more important application in the long run, we believe, is the use of the psychedelic agents as training facilitators to gradually upgrade the performance level of already effective personnel. This would require establishment of accepted training procedures and certification provisions for... 

Fadiman, J., Harman, W. W., McKim, R. H., Mogar, R. E., and Stolaroff, M. J. Psychedelic Agents in Creative Problem Solving. San Francisco Institute for Psychedelic Research of San Francisco State College, 1965. 

Mogar, R. E., and Aldrich, R. W. "The Use of Psychedelic Agents with Autistic Schizophrenic Children," Psychedelic Review 10, 1967. 

Mescaline acts similarly to other psychedelic agents. It activates the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with a high affinity as a partial agonist. This receptor activation causes the release of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex and optic nerve correlated with cognitive and perceptual distortions. 

Psilocybin and psilocin molecules are the primary psychedelic agents in the psychoactive mushrooms known so far, but four related molecules may in some way contribute to the mental effects. The term "psilocybian mushrooms has been proposed to include all of the dozens of species containing psilocybin it will be used in that sense here. Quite distinct isoxazolic molecules are present in the Amanita muscaria (Fly Agaric) and Amanita pantherina (Panther Caps) mushroom species, which are said by some people to create psychedelic states. 

Psilocybe mexicana mushrooms (pictured here as cultivated in the Sandoz labs) provided the material from which Albert Hofmann and his colleagues isolated psilocybin and psilocin. These mushrooms are rather small—up to 8 cm., about three inches, tall—and contain mainly psilocybin as their psychedelic agent. 

Hofmann, as it turned out, was probably the scientist best equipped to analyze the psychedelic agents, in that there is considerable chemical similarity between these substances and LSD (both contain the same kind of nucleus with a substitution at the fourth position in the indole ring). "Probably in no other laboratory in the world, wrote Hofmann later, "would there have been 4-hydroxy indole for comparison purposes. He and his colleagues... 

The major psychedelic agent in psilocybian mushrooms is psilocybin— the first indole derivative discovered to contain phosphorus. When ingested, the phosphorus radical is immediately "dephosphorylated by an intestinal enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, into psilocin and phosphoric acid Animal experiments suggest that psilocybin and psilocin appear at similar chemical concentrations at about the same time in various organs. Thus, the phosphorus radical is generally considered "dead weight in terms of psychoactivity. 

During the next few days, I began to realize that with the new restrictions on research with psychedelic agents. 

Now it was soon noticed, after the inhibitory effect of LSD and similar psychedelic drugs on the raphe nuclei was discovered, that other psychedelic agents such as mescaline and the phenethyl amine family did not produce the... 

Ludwig, A.M. andj, Levinei966. The clinical effects of psychedelic agents Clinical Medicine jy. 21—24. 

Psychedelic Agent 3 (BZ), 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, also known as agent buzz, is a potent psychoactive chemical that affects the central nervons system as well as the drcnlatory, digestion, salivation, sweating, and vision systems. Those exposed experience hallncinations, and it acts as a sedative. The experience is much the same as that encountered by the narcotics amphetamines and cocaine. Three to four days after exposure, full recovery is expected from BZ intoxication. The TLV-TWA for BZ is 0.004 mg/m and the general popnlation limits are 0.0001 mg/m BZ has an ICtjo value of 101 mg-min/m (15 1/min) and an estimated LCt5o of 200,000 mg-min/m. ... 

Hallucinogen Psychedelic agent A compound that produces changes in perception, thought, or mood without causing... 

LSD is a strong psychedelic agent. The effects in human are excitement, euphoria, hallucinations, and distorted perceptions. It alters the thinking process, producing illusions and loss of contact with reality. In humans, a dose (intramuscular) of 0.7-0.9 mg/kg or an oral dose of... 

Mescaline is a psychedelic agent, causing hallucinations. It promotes psychosis in predisposed individuals. The mechanism of action probably involves its function as serotonin 5-HT agonist (Nichols 1986). Toxic symptoms include drowsiness, dilation of pupil, hyperreflexia, and restlessness. These symptoms progress with increasing doses, resulting in euphoria, distorted perceptions, and hallucinations. Such an illusion effect in humans may be manifested from intramuscular administration of about 150 mg of mescaline. The toxicity of this alkaloid, is otherwise, moderate, rarely causing death from overdose. 

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