Fluorocarbons INDEX

Optical Properties. Teflon FEP fluorocarbon film transmits more ultraviolet, visible light, and infrared radiation than ordinary window glass. The refractive index of FEP film is 1.341—1.347 (74). 

Polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products thermal decomposition of the fluorocarbon chain in air leads to the formation of oxidized products containing carbon, fluorine and oxygen. Because these products decompose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantitatively determined in air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but air concentration should be minimal. (Trade names Algoflon, Fluon, Teflon, Tetran.)... 

The physical properties of saturated fluorocarbons and their analogous hydrocarbons differ in many respects [4 5] Sahirated fluorocarbons have the lowest dielectric constants, surface tensions, and refractive indexes of any liquids at room... 

The lower fluorocarbons (C5F12, etc.) are colourless liquids of high density (sp.gr. 1 6-2-0) and of very low refractive index, while the higher members are colourless solids. 

K.M. Mortelmans, V.F. Simmon, In vitro" microbiological mutagenicity assays of eight fluorocarbon taggant samples. Gov. Rep. Announce. Index. (US). 81 (1981) 2555-2587. 

Here is an extremely sensitive method for measuring nitrite (NOj) down to 1 nM in natural waters. The water sample is treated with sulfanilamide and N-( 1 -naphthylethylenediamine) in acid solution to produce a colored product with a molar absorptivity of 4.5 X ItHM" 1 cm- 1 at 540 nm. The colored solution is pumped into a 4.5-meter-long, coiled Teflon tube whose fluorocarbon wall has a refractive index of 1.29. The aqueous solution inside the tube has a refractive index near 1.33. The colored solution is pumped through the coiled tube. An optical fiber delivers white light into one end of the tube, and an optical fiber at the other end leads to a polychromator and detector. 

In a fully synthetic oil, there is almost certainly some mineral oil present. The chemical components used to manufacture the additive package and the viscosity index improver (VI) contain mineral oil. When all these aspects are considered, it is possible for a "fully synthetic" engine oil to surpass mineral oil (Shubkin, 1993). Synthetic oils fall into general ASTM classification (a) synthetic hydrocarbons (poly-a-olefins, alkylated aromatics, cycloaliphatics) (b) organic esters (dibasic acid esters, polyol esters, polyesters) (c) other fluids (polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, silicates, silicones, polyphenyl esters, fluorocarbons). 

ETFE resins do not support combustion in air and have typical limiting oxygen index (LOI) about 30 to 31. LOI depends on monomer ratio in the polymer and it increases gradually as the fluorocarbon content is increased to the alternating composition and then increases more rapidly to the LOI values for FIFE.68... 

Mercury. - Cadmium. - Polycyclic Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Hydrocarbons. - Fluorocarbons. -Chlorinated Paraffins. - Chloroaromatic Compounds Containing Oxygen. - Organic Dyes and Pigments. - Inorganic Pigments. - Radioactive Substances. - Subject Index. 

In conclusion, we have successfully demonstrated that, by using a fluorous label and a fluorous solvent, we can affect the phase transfer of gold and CdSe nanoparticles from an aqueous or hydrocarbon medium to the fluorous phase. Single-walled carbon nanotubes and ZnO nanorods can be solubilized in a fluorous solvent after interaction with a fluorous amine. Phase transfer of the nanostructures to a fluorous solvent represents solubilization in a highly nonpolar solvent, accompanied by purification. The high nonpolarity of the fluorocarbon makes it possible to study the optical and other properties of nanostructures in a medium of very low refractive index. Since the fluorocarbon extracts only the species attached to the fluorous label, the process enables one to obtain solely one product in the pure state. We believe that fluorous chemistry may have practical utility in carrying out studies of nanostructures. 

Perfluorinated solvents exhibit extremely low polarities, which can be quantified in many ways. As analyzed elsewhere, one of the best scales in terms of modeling the ability of a solvent to solvate or complex a solute or transition state involves the shift of the absorption maximum of a perfluoroheptyl-substituted dye. This dye was optimized to be soluble in both fluorocarbons and very polar solvents such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Over 100 solvents have been assayed, and some of the resulting Ps or Spectral Polarity Index values are given in Table 3.3. 

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