Nipple aspiration fluid

In adults, a few areas may require further study. For example, there is a report of soya consumption causing an increased incidence of hyperplastic epithelial cells in the nipple aspirate fluid of pre- and postmenopausal women.This could constitute a risk factor for breast cancer. Also, the use in herbal medicine of particular plants emphasises that these species have the potential to cause physiological changes. Consequently, the increasing public interest in the use of herbal medicines could lead to unintended (adverse) effects, particularly as most... 

Maskarinec G, Hebshi S, Custer L, Franke AA. 2008a. The relation of soy intake and isoflavone levels in nipple aspirate fluid. Eur J Cancer Prev 17 67-70. 

Proteomic analysis of breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) [24], pancreatic juice [25], and bile [26] has also been performed and might be of relevance for specific cancer studies. 

Alexander H, Stegner AL, Wagner-Mann C, Du Bois GC, Alexander S, Sauter ER. Proteomic analysis to identify breast cancer biomarkers in nipple aspirate fluid. Clin Cancer Res 2004 10(22) 7500-7510. 

Paweletz CP, Trock B, Pennanen M, Tsangaris T, Magnant C, Liotta LA, Petricoin EF 3rd (2001) Proteomic patterns of nipple aspirate fluids obtained by SELDI-TOF potential for new biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Dis Markers 17 301-7... 

Sauter ER, Daly M, Linahan D, et al. Prostate-specific antigen levels in nipple aspirate fluid correlate with... 

Chen G, Djuric Z. Detection of 2, 6-cyclolycopene-l, 5-diol in breast nipple aspirate fluids and plasma a potential marker of oxidative stress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002 11 1592-1596. 

Key Words Protein mixtme body fluids SELDI-TOF-MS protein fractionation profiling disease biomarker serum plasma, nipple aspiration fluid urine. 

No estrogenic activity was observed in postmenopausal women orally administered 80 mg black cohosh daily for 12 weeks. Measures of estrogenicity included estrogenic markers in serum, pS2 levels, and cellular morphology in nipple aspirate fluid (Ruhlen et al. 2007). 

Breast cancer Fetv RCTs, and none investigating breast cancer outcomes. Nipple aspirate fluid and other markers of estrogenic response Premenopausal women may have an estrogenic response to soy supplements. Mammographic breast density Mostly no effect of isoflavones but doubts remain in premenopausal women. Many animal studies have shown protective effects of soy, particularly when isoflavones introduced at an early life stage. However, increased tumorigenicity obsen/ed in response to isoflavones in some animal models. In vitro experiments suggest isoflavones induce a variety of cellular processes that inhibit breast cancer development, but depends on dose. Evidence insufficient. Inadvisable to increase soy isoflavone intake in women at risk of breast cancer, especially premenopausal women. 

LDL low density lipoprotein MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 MHF menopausal hot flashes NAF nipple aspirate fluid NO nitric oxide O-DMA O-desmethylangolensin OP osteoporosis PC prostate cancer PE phytoestrogens POST-M postmenopausal... 

Pawhk, T.M., Fritsche, H., Coombes, K.R., Xiao, L., Krishnamurthy, S., Hunt, K.K., Pusztai, L., Chen, J.N., Clarke, C.H., Arun, B., Hung, M.C., and Kuerer, H.M., Significant differences in nipple aspirate fluid protein expression between healthy women and those with breast cancer demonstrated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Breast Cancer Res. Treat, 89,149-157 (2005). 

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