Fluid evolution

Riciputi, L.R. Hendry, J.P. in Geo uids II 97 Contributions to the Second International Conference on Fluid Evolution, Migration, and Interaction in Sedimentary Basins and Orogenic Belts, Hendry, J.P. et al. (eds.), Anthony Rowe Chippenham, U.K., 1997, 331. 

Poage M. C., Chamberlain C. P., and Craw D. (2000) Massifwide metamorphism and fluid evolution at Nanga Parbat, northern Pakistan. Am. J. Sci. 300, 463-482. 

Smith M. P. and Yardley B. W. D. (1999) Fluid evolution during metamorphism of the Otago Schist, New Zealand (I) Evidence from fluid inclusions. J. Metamorph. Geol. 17, 173-186. 

Boles J. R. and Hickey J. J. (1996) Inhibition of quartz cementation by the presence of hydrocarbons. Point McIntyre Field, North Slope, Alaska. In Geofluids II 97. Contributions to the second international conference on fluid evolution, migration and interaction in sedimentary basins and orogenic belts (eds. J. P. Hendry, P. F. Carey, J. Parnell, A. H. Rufifell and R. H. Worden). The Queen s University, Belfast, pp. 272-274. 

Rosner W. Measurement of TeBG in biological fluids evolution and problems. In Forest M, Pugeat M, eds. Binding proteins of steriod hormones. London John Libby Eurotext, 1986 207-14,... 

Gaupp, R., Matter, A., Platt, J., Ramseyer, K. Walzebuck, j. (1993) Diagenesis and fluid evolution of deeply buried Permian (Rotliegend) gas reservoirs, northwest Germany. Bull. Am. 455. petrol. Geol., 77, 1111-1128. 

Stable isotope zonation at the cm-scale is well documented in skarns, but few samples have been tested at mm to pm-scale (Jamtveit and Hervig 1994, Bezenek et al. 1995, Clechenko and Valley 2000). A careful study would include petrography and imaging, and other tests of temperature reliability. Microanalysis should be employed when other tests fail. It offers a powerful new tool for resolving the thermal and fluid evolution of skarns. 

A O and AD values of vent fluids (Table 1) can best be understood in terms of water-rock interaction within the ocean crust. Field studies, experimental studies, and isotopic exchange computations (Muehlenbachs 1972 Stakes and O Neil 1982 Bowers and Taylor 1985 Cole et al. 1987 Bowers 1989 Bohlke and Shanks 1994 Shanks et al. 1995) have clearly shown that both A 0 and AD increase due to water-rock interaction with igneous crust. Oxygen and hydrogen isotope values of end-member vent fluids (Fig. 6) follow a calculated seawater-basalt reaction vector (within AD error of 1.5%o ), due to fluid evolution to decreasing water/rock mass ratios (Shanks et al. 1995). 

Rossi, C., Goldstein, R. H., Ceriani, A. Marfil, R. 2002. Fluid inclusions record thermal and fluid evolution in reservoir sandstones, Khatatba Formation, Western Desert, Egypt a case for fluid injection. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 86, 1773-1799. 

Boudreau AE (1995) Fluid evolution in layered intmsions Evidence from the chemistry of halogen-bearing minerals. In Magmas, Fluids, and Ore Deposits. Thompson JFH (ed) Mineral Assoc Can Short Course Series 23 25-45... 

Smith MP, Yardley BWD (1999) Fluid evolution during metamorphism of the Otago schist. New Zealand ... 

Through fast and fluid evolution, the sensory apparatus connected to neurons quickly developed sensitivity to different aspects of the environment. At the creepy end of the spectrum of senses, vampire bats can sense hot blood in the darkbecause of ion channel evolution. Just like electric fish duplicated sodium channels to gain an electric sense, vampire bats duplicated ion channels to gain an infrared heat vision sense. 

Neumayr, P., and Hagemann, S. G. (2002). Hydrothermal Fluid Evolution Within the Cadillac Tectonic Zone, Abitibi Greenstone belt, Canada. Econ. Geol. 97(6), 1203-1225. 

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