Fluid particle temporal evolution

These principles ensure correct hydrodynamic behavior of DPD fluid. The advantage of DPD over other methods lies in the possibility of matching the scale of discrete-particle simulation to the dominant spatio-temporal scales of the entire system. For example, in MD simulation the timescales associated with evolution of heavy colloidal particles are many orders of magnitude larger than the temporal evolution of solvent particles. If the solvent molecules are coarse-grained into DPD droplets, they evolve much more slowly and are able to match the time scales close to those associated with the colloidal particles. 

In Ref. [123], we propose an entirely different numerical model of fluid film dynamics from those, which can be derived from the NS approach or its asymptotic expansions. The model is based on the DPD particle model and can be used for simulating thin-film dynamics in the mesos-cale. Instead of changes of film thickness in nodal points in time according to the evolution equation discretized in both space and time, the temporal evolution of DPD particle system is governed by Newtonian laws of motion Equation (26.1)-Equation (26.4). 

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