Western Desert

Fig. 1. Landsat TM image showing the study area (red box in southwest corner is the study area), western Desert Egypt.

Richter, A. Schandelmieir, H. 1990. Precambrian basement Inliers of Western Desert, Geology, Petrology and Structural Evolution. In Said, R. (ed.). The Geology of Egypt, A. A. Balkema, 1990, 185-200. 

Elgabaly, M.M., 1962. The presence of attapulgite in some soils of the western desert of Egypt. Soil Sci., 93 387-390. 

Crombie, M.K., Arvidson, R.E., Sturchio, N.C. El Ally, Z. Abu Zeid, K. (1997) Age and isotopic constrains on Pleistocene pluvial episodes in the Western Desert, Egypt. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130, 337-355. 

Aref, M.A.M., El-Khoriby, E. Hamdan, M.A. (2002) The role of salt weathering in the origin of the Qattara Depression, Western Desert, Egypt. Geomorphology 45, 181-195. 

Finally, it has to be noted that as a result of the use of modern technologies (horizontal and multilateral drilling) for petroleum extraction from Iraq oil wells, the estimated proven petroleum reserves in Iraq are sure to increase in the near future. It is also necessary to emphasize that a major part of the research and development work in Iraq is still in progress. There is the intention to research on the deep oil wells on Jurassic and Triassic levels (mainly in the Western Desert). A successful outcome can open up additional oil reserves. However, research in this area has not been carried out up till now. 

The general layout of the Periodic Kingdom, with some of its characteristic regions labeled. The Western Desert and the Southern Island comprise the metallic elements all other elements are nonmetals. 

Nature s use of calcium has been replicated by human civilizations, which have quarried limestone and constructed buildings that have lasted thousands of years. The Romans manufactured concrete and mortar but did not realize that they were in effect mining calcium from the kingdom. Without this product of the region of the Western Desert, not only would there be no permanent structures in civilized societies but organisms would never have developed weapons of attack (no teeth or tusks) or protection in the form of shells. 

The distinction between the metals of the eastern and western hinges of the Western Desert—the former calm and contented, the latter virulent and violent—suggests that the Isthmus forms a transitional bridge between the two (fig. 2). 

The narrow offshore Southern Island forms an unusual appendix of the kingdom. It is actually an extension of the Western Desert, and in certain maps of the Periodic Kingdom it is shown embedded in the mainland, forming a narrow component of the Isthmus of transition metals. The Southern Island consists of two largely uniform coastal strips. The northerly strip comprises a family of remarkably... 

We have now assembled enough knowledge of the physical geography of the kingdom to embark on the first stages of an interpretation of this variation of a tangible property, the density. We have seen that masses increase from northwest to southeast across the kingdom, and in particular across the eastern part of the Western Desert. However, we have also seen—but have not explained—... 

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