Flowrates volume

V volumetric flowrate, volume/time molar flow rate, (6-81) mols/time see equation... 

The flowrate of oil into the wellbore is also influenced by the reservoir properties of permeability (k) and reservoir thickness (h), by the oil properties viscosity (p) and formation volume factor (BJ and by any change in the resistance to flow near the wellbore which is represented by the dimensionless term called skin (S). For semisteady state f/owbehaviour (when the effect of the producing well is seen at all boundaries of the reservoir) the radial inflow for oil into a vertical wellbore is represented by the equation ... 

The actual flowrate of each component of the gas (in for example cubic mefres), would be determined by multiplying the volume fraction of that component by the total flowrate. 

Sephadex G-X Specific volume water mL/g dry gel Permeabihty, iC Operating pressure, kPa Flowrate water, mL/(cm h)... 

The turboexpander lowers the temperature of the product to -100°F, causing it to liquify. Now at 350 psig pressure, the liquid from this process enters the demethanizer tower where it mingles with the previously introduced stream of liquid. The turboexpanders provide a 92% recovery rate while the former system, a backup Joule-Thomson valve, was able to provide only a 60% recovery rate. The volume of gas entering the turboexpanders can vary up to 10% yet, the different flowrates do not significantly affect the efficiency of these units, which are rated at 2,400 hp at 16,000 rpm. 

The equation for the retention volume of a solute, that was derived by differentiating the elution curve equation, can be used to obtain an equation for the retention time of a solute (tr) by dividing by the flowrate (Q), thus,... 

The CFB has much higher gas flowrates per unit volume than can be obtained with conventional systems. This results in a smaller distributor surface area and a smaller mass of bed material, reducing the need for a large number of bed modules to achieve large system capacity ... 

In practice, however, the liquid velocity relative to fixed particles, Uf, is not very useful. Instead, the velocity of settling relative to the walls of an apparatus, Uf - u, is of practical importance. The volume of the solid phase moving downward should be equal to that of liquid moving upward. This means that volume rates of these phases must be equal. Consider a column of slurry having a unit cross section and imagine the liquid and solid phases to have a well defined interface. The column of solid phase will have a base 1 - e, and the liquid column phase will have a base e. Hence, the volumetric rate of the solid column will be (1 - e)u, and that of the liquid column will be (Uf - u)e. Because these flowrates are equal to each other, we obtain... 

A eontinuous flow stirred tank reaetor is used to deeompose a dilute solution of speeies A. The deeomposition is irreversible and first order with veloeity eonstant at 2.5 hr The reaetor volume is 15 m. What flowrate of feed solution ean this reaetor treat if 90% deeomposition is required ... 

The term V/F for flow reactors is used to evaluate the size of the reactor required to achieve the conversion of a reactant feed rate F. It is the numher of reactor volumes of feed at specified conditions that can he treated in unit time, where F is the molar flowrate (uC q) and V is the volume of the reactor. 

Consider a CFSTR at eonstant density. If the flowrate and the reaetor volume are eonstant, the material balanee. Equation 5-1, on eomponent A yields... 

Equation 5-336 is a first order differential equation. The behavior of eomponent A ean be predieted with time from the boundary eon-ditions, the flowrate of the feed, eomposition, and the volume of the reaetor. 

C o = initial eoneentration to CFSTR 1 Cai, Ca2> Ca3 = eoneentrations in CFSTR 1, 2, and 3, respeetively Fao = desired produetion rate u = fluid volumetrie flowrate p = liquid density Cp = liquid speeifie heat U = overall heat transfer eoeffieient Ma = moleeular weight of A Vr = volume of the reaetor t = mean residenee time (Vr/u)... 

A solution containing 0.25 kmol/m of acetic anhydride is to be hydrolyzed in a single CFSTR to give an effluent containing an anhydride concentration of 0.05 kmol/m. The volumetric flowrate is 0.05 m /min and the working volume of the reactor is 0.75 m. ... 

Consider the reversible first order reaction A R. It is possible to determine the minimum reactor volume at the optimum temperature Tgp( that is required to obtain a fractional conversion X, if the feed is pure A with a volumetric flowrate of u. A material balance for a CESTR is... 

For the minimum volume in a CFSTR under adiabatie eondition, Equation 6-192 requires only that the operating temperature within the reaetor be T p. In this ease, there is nothing about the mode of operation, sueh as the feed temperature Tg or heat transfer, either within the reaetor or upstream of it. However, if the CFSTR is operated adiabatieally for speeified eonversion (X ) and molar flowrate (F q = uC o) without internal heat transfer, Tq must be adjusted to a value obtained from the energy balanee as determined by... 

The fed bateh reaetor (FBR) is a reaetor where fresh nutrients are added to replaee those already used. The rate of the feed flow U may be variable, and there is no outlet flowrate from the fermenter. As a eonsequenee of feeding, the reaetor volume ehanges with respeet to time. Figure 11-22 illustrates a simple fed-bateh reaetor. The balanee equations are ... 

Fraetion of the total volume oeeupied by the working volume. Mass flowrate, Ib/hr ft ... 

Heating jaeket flowrate, Ib/hr Flow rate to a zone, Ib/hr Working volume, gal... 

The finalequationtellsusthattherateofpressureriseinthevesselwillbeaconstantequal to the product of the ratio of the feed gas pressure to the vessel volume and the volumetric flowrate ofthe feed gas. (Assumingthat the volume of the line leading from the valve tothevesselisnegligible.)Therefore,wecanseeimmediatelythatthepressurerisewillbe linear ... 

Depth of thickening zone. Feed slurry entering the unit at eoneentration F has to reside in the vessel for time /r to reaeh eoneentration S. The sediment therefore has to remain in the thiekening zone for at least a period /r defined by tR = Volume of thiekening zone/Volumetrie flowrate of slurry. 

The volumetric flowrate through the vessel is given by 2 = PIM-y = 1000/250 = 4irP slurry/h. Thus the vessel volume is given by equation 7.51 as... 

Vmin = Minimum fresh air flow based on slope of operating line, L/V, on x-y diagram V = Vapor flowrate, mols/hr or molar volume W = Bottoms product, or still bottoms, or ketde bottoms, mols also see B or mols/hr bottoms product or mols of residue or bottoms/unit time (Ponchon heat balance)... 

In a compressor, like a liquid pump, the real volume flowrate is smaller than the displacement volume. This is due to several factors. These are ... 

The most important characteristic of this type of compressors is that all have a fixed built-in pressure compression ratio for each stage of compression (as well as a fixed built-in volume displacement) [25]. Thus, at a given rate of rotational speed provided by the prime mover, there will be a predetermined volumetric flowrate through the compressor, and the pressure exiting the machine at the outlet will be equal to the design pressure ratio times the inlet pressure. 

Turbine flow meters are composed of some form of rotary device such as a helical rotor, Pelton wheel or a vane mounted in the flow stream. The fluid passing the rotor causes the rotor to turn at an angular velocity which is proportional to the flow velocity and hence the volumetric flowrate through the meter. The rotary motion of the rotor is sensed by some form of pick-up device that produces an electrical pulse output. The frequency of this signal is proportional to the flowrate and the total count of pulses is proportional to the total volume of liquid passed through the meter. 

After the oxygen equilibrium period, to2, the catalyst-electrode is immediately exposed to a flowing stream of ultrapure (99.999%) He. During this time period, denoted foe, molecular 02 desorption is taking place. One must choose tHe to be at least 8 times longer than the residence time (V/Fv) of the catalytic reactor (V is the reactor volume and Fv is the volumetric flowrate) to ensure that all gaseous 02 is removed from the reactor. 

Keeping the total volume of the system constant, vary the relative flowrates, FO, FB and FR and note the influence on the RTD s. 

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