Specific volume water

The expansion coefficient fi for water at 32°F should be used. This is estimated using liquid volumetric data from the steam tables over a short range of temperatures around 32°F. However, the steam tables do not provide liquid water specific volume data below 32°F. A value between 32°F and some appropriate higher temperature will suffice. From the steam tables ... 

Kell and Whalley (26) fit the results of their pure water specific volume measurements to the polynomial... 

In Example 7.3 we assumed that the specific volume of water at 100°F was a constant, independent of pressure. The steam table [10, p. 104] shows that at 100°F and 1 psia, 500 psia and 1000 psia, the specific volumes are 0.01613, 0.016106, and 0.016082 ftV Ibm. Rework Example 7.3 taking this change in water specific volume into account. How much difference does it make ... 

Because the neutron tool responds to hydrogen it can be used to differentiate between gas and liquids (oil or water) in the formation. A specific volume of gas will contain a lot fewer hydrogen atoms than the same volume of oil or water (at the same pressure), and therefore in a gas bearing reservoir the neutron porosity (which assumes the tool is... 

Sephadex G-X Specific volume water mL/g dry gel Permeabihty, iC Operating pressure, kPa Flowrate water, mL/(cm h)... 

From Water Density at Atmospheric Pressure and Temperatures from 0 to 100°C, Tables of Standard Handbook Data, Standartov, Moscow, 1978. To conserve space, only a few tables of density values are given. The reader is reminded that density values may he found as the reciprocal of the specific volume values tabulated in the Thermodynamic Properties Tables subsection. 

Humid volumes are given by the curves entitled Volume mVkg diy air. The volumes are plotted as func tions of absolute humidity and temperature. The difference between dry-air specific volume and humid-air volume at a given temperature is the volume of water vapor. 

Vs, V,s = Specific volume of a pound of steam or water at saturation temperature and pressure of the steam drum at operating conditions. 

Figure 28 shows the key features of the humidity chart. The chart consists of the following four parameters plotted as ordinates against temperature on the abscissas (1) Humidity H, as pounds of water per pound of dry air, for air of various relative humidities (2) Specific volume, as cubic feet of dry air per pound of dry air (3) Saturated volume in units of cubic feet of saturated mixture per pound of dry air and (4) latent heat of vaporization (r) in units of Btu per pound of water vaporized. The chart also shows plotted hiunid heat (s) as abscissa versus the humidity (H) as ordinates, and adiabatic humidification curves (i.e., humidity versus temperature). Figure 28 represents mixtures of dry air and water vapor, whereby the total pressure of the mixture is taken as normal barometric. Defining the actual pressure of the water vapor in the mixture as p (in units of mm of mercury), the pressure of the dry air is simply 760 - p. The molal ratio of water vapor to air is p/(760-p), and hence the mass ratio is ... 

As defined earlier, the saturated volume is on a basis of 1 lb of dry air, and equals the sum of the specific volume of the dry air plus the volume of the water vapor... 

Humidification only Increase in moisture content, specific volume, dry and wet bulb temperature, specific enthalpy, and % saturation Air washer with beared water... 

Sensible heating only Cionstant moisture content increase in specific volume, dry- and wet-bulb temperature, and specific enthalpy decreased % saturation Steam, hoc-water coils, or electric heating... 

Table 4-155 gives the API recommended optimum water-to-cement ratios and the resulting neat slurry specific weight (Ib/gal) and specific volume, or yield (ftVsack) for the various classes of API cements [161]. 

Fluid power encompasses most applications that use liquids or gases to transmit power in the form of mechanical work, pressure and/or volume in a system. This definition includes all systems that rely on pumps or compressors to transmit specific volumes and pressures of liquids or gases within a closed system. The complexity of these systems range from a simple centrifugal pump used to remove casual water from a basement to complex airplane control systems that rely on high-pressure hydraulic systems. 

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas molecule. This inorganic compound, at standard temperature and pressure, is chemically stable with low solubility in water but high solubility in alcohol and benzene. Incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion is the major source of environmental production of CO. When it burns, CO yields a violet flame. The specific gravity of CO is 0.96716 with a boiling point of -190°C and a solidification point of-207°C. The specific volume of CO is 13.8 cu ft/lb (70°F). 

Po and rio are the densities and viscosities of the solvent, P2o,w and rj2o,w the corresponding values at 20.0 °C in water, v is the partial specific volume, which for neutral polysaccharides can often be reasonably estimated from the carbohydrate content [31] and takes on values between 0.5-0.7 ml/g for... 

The amount of hydrated biopolymer and of free water in the biopolymer-water system, the thermodynamic notion of partial specific volume has been introduced and is frequently determined. The relation to Vsp, the specific volume, is shown by the equation ... 

Here, Mn, is the molecular weight of the polymer chains prepared under identical conditions but in the absence of the crosslinking agent, u is the specific volume of the polymer and V is the molar volume of water. 

Fig. 1.2. Specific volume of water vapor as a function of the water vapor pressure. The temperature of the vapor in this diagram is that of the ice.

---