Base correction factors

The dry-base correction factor, fcorr., is calculated from the weights of the vial (z), vial plus non-dried sample (x) and vial plus dry sample (y)... 

The weighing operations are present in the dry-base correction factor (three) and in the sample metal content (one). Two contributions for the associated uncertainty, weighing, were studied ... 

The calculation of the uncertainty and of the degrees of freedom associated with the sample weight is by the direct application of Eqs. 4-7. The calculations of the dry-base correction factor are more elaborate. 

Uncertainty associated with the dry base factor The dry base correction factor is a function of three weighing operations (Eq. 1). To estimate the uncertainty, Ofcorr., associated with the /corr., the general equation (Eq. 8) was used [1]... 

The total uncertainty estimation, analysis sample weighing operation, OwSighfng, of the dilution factor, oydil, and of the instrumental calibration interpolated uncertainty, Ocinter. These four quantities combine their uncertainties in the equation... 

The 200-mg samples were digested with nitric acid in a microwave-irradiated closed system [11]. The instrumental determination was performed in a GBC atomic spectrometer with D2 lamp background correction. A Pd/Mg mixture [12] was used as chemical modifier. The dry-base correction factor was calculated by a parallel assay. The samples were dried in an oven at 60 °C under atmospheric pressure, and the CRM (certified reference material - NIST 1570a) was treated as specified by NIST [13]. 

The rate of chemical diffusion in a nonfiowing medium can be predicted. This is usually done with an equation, derived from the diffusion equation, that incorporates an empirical correction parameter. These correction factors are often based on molar volume. Molecular dynamics simulations can also be used. 

Linear equations of the type u = ct — C, where c and C are constants, relate kinematic viscosity to efflux time over limited time ranges. This is based on the fact that, for many viscometers, portions of the viscosity—time curves can be taken as straight lines over moderate time ranges. Linear equations, which are simpler to use in determining and applying correction factors after caUbration, must be appHed carefully as they do not represent the tme viscosity—time relation. Linear equation constants have been given (158) and are used in ASTM D4212. 

FIG. 14-115 Experimental collection efficiencies of rectangular impactors. C is the Stokes-Ciinningbam correction factor Pp, particle density, g/ond U, superficial gas velocity, approaching the impactor openings, cm/s and ig, gas viscosity, P. Calveri, Yung, and Leung, NTIS Puhl. PB-24S050 based on Mercer and Chow, J. Coll. Interface Sci., 27, 75 (1.96S).]... 

Another principal difficulty is that the precise effect of local dynamics on the NOE intensity cannot be determined from the data. The dynamic correction factor [85] describes the ratio of the effects of distance and angular fluctuations. Theoretical studies based on NOE intensities extracted from molecular dynamics trajectories [86,87] are helpful to understand the detailed relationship between NMR parameters and local dynamics and may lead to structure-dependent corrections. In an implicit way, an estimate of the dynamic correction factor has been used in an ensemble relaxation matrix refinement by including order parameters for proton-proton vectors derived from molecular dynamics calculations [72]. One remaining challenge is to incorporate data describing the local dynamics of the molecule directly into the refinement, in such a way that an order parameter calculated from the calculated ensemble is similar to the measured order parameter. 

For in-house correlations, the cost of electric motors should be correlated vs. horsepower with voltage, speed, and type of construction as correction factors or parameters. Correction factors for explosion proof or open drip-proof housings could he developed if most of the data is for TEFC (totally enclosed fan cooled) motors. Similarly, correction factors could be developed for 1,200 rpm and 3,600i pm with l.SOOrpm as the base. 

A correction factor, R, incorporating both viscosity and density effects can be developed for a given slurry, which provides a more convenient expression based on the following equation ... 

Phi-factor, (() A correction factor that is based on the ratio of the total heat capacity (mass x specific heat) of a vessel and the total heat capacity of the vessel contents. 

Note that rotational viscometers give true shear rates and if this is to be used with Newtonian based flow curves then, from above, a correction factor of (4n/3 + 1) needs to be applied to the true shear rate. 

Kj = valve coefficient of discharge = 0.92 Pi = flowing pressure, psia MW = molecular weight of gas = 17,4 Z = compres-sibility factor = 0.9561 C = gas constant based on ratio of specific heats Cp/C T = flowing temperature, R Kb = back-pressure correction factor... 

Interpolation methods based on N chemical shifts require the use of the general equations.Those reported in the previous edition (76AHCSl,p. 29, see also 82JOC5132) have been slightly modified for the present purpose. We call / x the observed average property, and the property of the individual tautomers (A or B), / ma and / mb a corresponding property that can be measured (in a model compound or in the solid state) or calculated theoretically, and P and / b the correction factors defined as P = -... 

Determine the correction factors from Figure 3-56 and Figure 3-57, which are based on water performance because this is the basis of most manufacturer s performance curves (except, note that the standard manufacturer s performance curves of head vs GPM reflect the head of any fluid, water, or other non- dscous). Do not extrapolate these curves ... 

Capacity factor based on tower area, ft/sec Capacity fector at flood, ft/sec Liquid gradient vapor load correction factor or Discharge coefficient (see accompanying table) or Gas phase loading factor, ft/sec. Equation 8-281 Eddy loss coefficient, dimensionless. Table 8-22 Wet cap pressure drop correction factor. Figure 8-115... 

A computer program developed hy Volta handles the problem of condensing in the presence of a noncondensable gas for down-flow of either a saturated or superheated gas-vapor mixture vertical tubes. The program is based on a modification of Colburn-Hougen and Bras and is certainly more accurate and easier to use than the lengthy manual calculations. Although the program was written for vertical tubes, it can be used to approximate the results in a horizontal unit, and if the correction factor between vertical and horizontal tube condensation is applied, the compari-... 

For negative pressure less than 20 in. WG, the correction is considered negligible. Referring to Table 12-14C, the correction factors for negative static pressure, at SP in Table, select factor (Fg), the corrected static pressure (SP) = (Fg) (required fan static pressure output based on temperature corrected SPofPar. (a)). 

Ambient temperature 20°C. For outdoor temperature —18°, multiply load value in table by correction factor. Loads based on ANSI Schedule 40 pipe for pressures up to 16bar. Schedule 80 pipe for pressures above 16bar, except Schedule 120 above 40bar in sizes 125mm and over. 

Rolling element bearings, based on factor recommendations, have an absolute fault limit of 0.01 ips-peak. Sleeve or fluid-film bearings should be watched closely. If the fractional components that identify oil whip or whirl are present at any level, the bearing is subject to damage and the problem should be corrected. 

These microprocessor-based systems automatically calculate correction factors. If the fixtures are properly mounted and the shafts are rotated to the correct positions, the system automatically calculates and displays the appropriate correction for each foot of the movable machine-train component. This feature greatly increases the accuracy of the alignment process. 

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