Flexible production

Poly(vinylchloride). Cellular poly(vinyl chloride) can be produced from several expandable formulations as well as by decompression techniques. Rigid or flexible products can be made depending on the amount and type of plasticizer used (43). 

Table 3 Hsts the U.S. producers of methylene chloride and their rated yearly capacities. Since the product mix of a typical chloromethanes process is very flexible, production may be adjusted according to the demand for methylene chloride and chloroform. The demand for methylene chloride has taken a broad downturn as a result of the 1985 NTP carcinogenicity tests (Table 4). The 1988 and 1989 demands were 227,000 t and 216,000 t, respectively, with a forecast 1993 demand of 186,000 t. The historical growth rate (1979—1988) was —2.7% pet year. In the future this should decrease even further to —3 to...

These ideas, interestingly described by Goldratt and Cox, provide flexible production and cater for customer requirements. They have become known as just in time (JIT) manufacture, but are often overlooked by many that think that investment in computer-controlled equipment is the only way to go. The concept, simplify before you automate, can provide significant improvements in production and can point the way to later advanced manufacturing where ... 

Maximizing product cost performance with flexible production procedures... 

PVCs are currently handicapped by the ecological problems associated with chlorine and also with some of the plasticizers for the flexible products. 

Glasmeier, A. 1991. Technological discontinuities and flexible production networks the case of Switzerland and the world watch industry. Research Policy, 20(5) 469-485. 

If very hard materials (e.g., natural stone, or metal sheets) must be cut, the injection of abrasives into the water jet will support and accelerate the cutting procedure (see Fig. 1.4-5, bottom, right side). The water-jet cutting represents a very flexible production method which can be regarded as supplementary to LASER methods if thermal influences on the materials involved cannot be accepted. 

This route is emblematic of the new intensification approach currently used in the chemical industry, which is aimed at finally developing a safer, less-capital and energy intensive and more flexible production of bulk chemicals. 

Vol. 596 M. Muller-Bungart, Revenue Management with Flexible Products Models and Methods for the Broadcasting Industry.XXI, 297 pages, 2007... 

Small-scale container-size production units can easily be fitted to an existing oil processing business or operate as stand-alone units. These are ideal for producing biodiesel in remote areas with limited demands. Such units can also be combined and even integrated with oil refining to create flexible production units. 

Reaction injection molding (RIM) is a fast, low-pressure, low-temperature, low-cost process for one-step conversion of reactive liquids into large finished solid plastic products. Liquid polyol and liquid diisocyanate are mixed by impingement, pumped instantly to fill a large mold cavity, and polymerize/ cure rapidly to form a thermoset polyurethane product. The cured polymer may be a stiffly flexible product such as automotive bumper covers, front ends, and trim or a rigid foamed product such as furniture and housings (cabinets) for computers, business machines, TY and radio. 

S-PVC is the most common type of resin (around 85% of total PVC produced) used in both rigid and flexible applications and grades are formulated to meet an extensive range of requirements such as, high plasticiser absorption for flexible products, or high bulk density and good powder flow required for rigid extrusion. 

IFP Olefins, linear alpha Ethylene AlphaSelect process offers flexible product slate, low investment, ... 

Some people will ask why we did not use penetration by mercury for the measurement of pores. Our answer is that for delicate, flexible products that can be easily crushed or simply distorted in their morphology by outside constraints, we found that the application on the cake of pressures ranging to a few thousand bars could be considered irrelevant. 

Besides having outstanding hydratation properties, impressive anti-imitation effects could also be proven. Due to their extraordinary compatibility, collagen sponges can be used for all skin types and skin conditions. Flexible product designs offer practical application possibilities (Figure 5). 

Vondrak B, Barnhart S. Dissolvable films for flexible product format in drag delivery. Pharm Technol Suppl 2008 (April) (see www.pharmtech.com). 

Using flexibilisers in addition to the usual amount of hardener, very flexible products may be obtained. 

Luczak, H./ Bullinger, H.-J./ Schlick, C./ Ziegler, J. Support of Flexible Production by Software-Methods, Systems, Examples (in German), Springer-Verlag (2001)... 

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