Flavonoids Fabaceae

Within the complex flavonols, C-5 substitution is by far the most prominent trend in terms of numbers of compounds and sources. Also, the number of structurally different C-5-residues is remarkable. Apart from the common 3,3-dimethylallyl and the rarer 1,1-dimethylallyl, several hydroxylated C-5-residues such as in topazolin hydrate, isolated from roots of Lupinus luteus (Fabaceae compound 94 in Table 12.4). Another source of such compounds is the whole plant of Duranta repens (Verbenaceae). Plant organs accumulating C-prenylflavo-nols range from buds to leaves and from aerial parts to roots. Only the bud constituents may be considered as exudate compounds. From Lilium candidum, a more complex flavonol was reported (Figure 12.8). This genus also accumulates N-containing flavonoid derivatives discussed earlier. ... 

Ganapaty, S. et al., Flavonoids from Milletti peguensis Ali (Fabaceae), Biochem. Syst. Ecol, 26, 125, 1998. 

Prenylated flavonoids contain one or two isoprenyl, geranyl, dimethylallyl, and lavandulyl on the skeleton. They have limited distribution and are mostly isolated from the Moraceae family. Chi et al. isolated 19 prenylated flavonoids from six different genera of Chinese medicinal plants and evaluated inhibition activities on eicosanoid metabolisms with multiple cell line models [189]. Two 8-lavandulylated flavanones, kurarinone and sophoraflavanone G, were discovered to be dual inhibitors. They possessed the most potent COX-1 inhibitory activities with IC50 less than 1 pM comparable with that of indomethacin. Sophoraflavanone G isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescense Art (Fabaceae) also had potent 5-LOX inhibition activity with an IC50 below 0.25 pM. 

Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. F. Wight, ilnhlangushiyme, flat crown] (Fabaceae) aqneous concoction of the roots is used in the treatment of nterine problems. The bark infusion is used for skin problems. The bark contains flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, saponins, steroids and tannins 14,15). 

Peltophorum africanum Sond. [sikhabamkhombo, African wattle] (Fabaceae) stem bark decoction is nsed for menorrhagia and obstmcted labom. The stem bark contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids (11,15). 

Flavanones, by virtue of their role as biosynthetic intermediates, occur in most plants, but they are also accumulated widely (Grayer, 1989). Most of the approximately 320 known flavanones possess the ( — )-(25)-configuration. Flavanones are common in the Asteraceae and Fabaceae, and the genus Citrus of the Rutaceae, but they have been reported in at least 60 other families (Bohm, 1988). However, compounds of this type are overlooked frequently in surveys of flavonoid composition of plants, and representatives of this group of compounds may occur more widely in nature. 

Pereira AC, Oliveira DF, SUva GH (2008) Identification of the antimicrobial substances produced by Solanum palinacanthum (Solanaceae). An Acad Bras Cienc 80 427-432 Prabu GR, Gnanamani A, SaduUa S (2006) Guaijaverin - a plant flavonoid as potential antiplaque agent against Streptococcus mutans. J Appl Microbiol 101 487-495 Prasad NR, Anandi C, Balasubramanian S, Pugalendi KV (2004) Antidermatophytic activity of extracts from Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae) correlated with the presence of a flavonoids compound. J Ethnopharmacol 91 21-24... 

Epicatechin, a flavonoid isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium L. (Fabaceae), has been shown to exert antidiabetic activity especially in type 2 diabetes sit-uafirni [62]. The beneficial effect of this compound on insulin resistance has been evoked as an underlying mechanism of hypoglycemic activity. In... 

Derris-Lonchocarpus complex (Fabaceae). Gradual modification of oxidation/methylation values of flavonoid profiles suggest dispersal of original... 

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