Flatulence

The heat and pressure of extmsion cooks (gelatinizes) carbohydrates and helps prevent diarrhea and flatulence. Extmding also inactivates several... 

Lactulose. 4-O-P -D-Galactopyranosyl-4-D-fmctofuranose [4618-18-2] (Chronolac) (12) may be made from lactose using the method described in Reference 9. It is a synthetic disaccharide that is not hydroly2ed by gastrointestinal enzymes in the small intestine, but is metabolized by colonic bacteria to short-chain organic acids. The increased osmotic pressure of these nonabsorbable organic acids results in an accumulation of fluid in the colon. Lactulose may not be tolerated by patients because of an extremely sweet taste. It frequently produces flatulence and intestinal cramps. 

Formulas tend to contain isolates as the protein source to eliminate or reduce the presence of carbohydrates that ate the cause of flatulence and abnormal stools. Care is taken to provide adequate nutrition and to use proteins processed in such a way as to minimize or eliminate any antinutritional factors. The formulation of a typical soy-based infant formula is also given in Table 17. 

Blachmal, n. dross (on melted silver) niello, blahen, v.t. inflate, swell cause flatulence. Blabsucht, /. flatulence. 

Acarbose and Miglitol These agents are specific inhibitors of intestinal glucosidases and reduce the conversion of sucrose and starch to glucose. Their main effect is a delay, not a complete inhibition, of the absorption of carbohydrates. Postprandial blood sugar excursions are effectively reduced. Because a small portion of the carbohydrates enters the colon, their microbial degradation frequently causes flatulence or... 

The most common adverse reactions widi meropenem include headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, generalized pain, flatulence, rash, and superinfections. This drug also can cause an abscess or phlebitis at die injection site An abscess is suspected if die injection site appears red or is tender and warm to die touch. Tissue sloughing at die injection site also may occur. 

Constipation, flatulence, nausea, and heartburn may occur and may disappear widi continued tiierapy. The primary healdi care provider is notified if tiiese effects become botiiersome or if unusual bleeding occurs. 

Simethicone (Mylicon) and charcoal are used as anti-flatulents (against flatus or gas in the intestinal tract). Simethicone has a defoaming action that disperses and prevents the formation of mucus-surrounded gas pockets in tiie intestine Charcoal is an absorbent that reduces the amount of intestinal gas. 

The most common adverse reactions seen with the proton pump inhibitors include headache, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Other less common adverse reactions include nausea, flatulence, constipation, and dry mouth. 

Lactose Milk. May occur in urine during pregnancy. In lactase deficiency, malabsorption leads to diarrhea and flatulence. 

Cholestyramine 4 g packets 4-24 g/day in two or more divided doses Main side effects are nausea, constipation, bloating, and flatulence, although these may be less with... 

Maldigestion may be manifested by the presence of numerous large foul-smelling loose stools (steatorrhea) and flatulence. 

Assess gastrointestinal symptoms. What is the quantity and quality of bowel movements Does the patient have bloating, flatulence, or abdominal pain ... 

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E2 analog that exogenously replaces prostaglandin stores. The minimum effective dose shown to inhibit acid secretion and promote mucosal defense is 400 meg/day. Misoprostol use is limited by a high frequency of bothersome gastrointestinal effects such as abdominal pain, flatulence, and diarrhea. In placebo-controlled studies diarrhea occurred with twice the frequency in the... 

Gastrointestinal adverse events reported with lubiprostone include nausea, diarrhea, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting, loose stools, and dyspepsia. Nausea is a prominent adverse effect and may be minimized when lubiprostone is taken with food. 

The dose of adefovir dipivoxil is 10 mg once daily. The most common side effects include asthenia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, headaches, nausea, and flatulence. Lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and hepatomegaly have been reported rarely. Unlike lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil is associated with dose-related nephrotoxicity, which was most commonly seen in HIV patients receiving doses larger than 60 mg. Therefore, the dose of adefovir dipivoxil must be adjusted in patients with renal insufficiency (CrCl less than 50 mL/minute). 

Major adverse events Gl symptoms including flatul ence, cramps, and abdominal distension ... 

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