Flatting pigment

Flatting agent n. Material added to paints, varnishes and other coating materials to reduce the gloss of the dried film. Any material which, when added to a paint or plastic, lowers the gloss of the final surface. See flatting pigment. 

Flatting pigment n. Any finely divided particle added to a paint formulation in order to decrease the gloss of the dried film. It may be an extruder-type (low refractive index) or a hiding pigment, and it is... 

Leafing The ability of an aluminum or gold bronze to provide a brilliant or silvery appearance. The flat pigment particles align themselves parallel with the coated surface providing a high reflection of light. 

These materials normally consist of pure film former plus solvent and additives, such as a drier and an antiskinning agent. Clear finishes may be oil and resin cooked into a varnish or a synthetic resin solution, such as an alkyd. Such finishes are normally transparent unless color is added in the form of a pigment or a dye, and they are glossy unless a flatting pigment is added. Properties depend on the oils and resins used and the conditions under which the varnish is processed. 

Fiber-reiaforced panels covered with PVF have been used for greenhouses. Transparent PVF film is used as the cover for flat-plate solar collectors (114) and photovoltaic cells (qv) (115). White PVF pigmented film is used as the bottom surface of photovoltaic cells. Nonadhering film is used as a release sheet ia plastics processiag, particularly ia high temperature pressing of epoxy resias for circuit boards (116—118) and aerospace parts. Dispersions of PVF are coated on the exterior of steel hydrauHc brake tubes and fuel lines for corrosion protection. 

Fillers are used to level-out shallower imperfections. Ease of flatting is an important consideration and to a large extent influences the composition and proportion of the pigment mixture. 

This is a one step economical process for selectively transferring a high quality image to a plastic product. A heated die transfers the pattern from selected transfer tape to a flat plastic surface. Lettering or decorative designs can be transferred in pigmented, wood grain, or metallic finishes. 

Figure 10.4 Organic pigments used in colour filters for flat-screen displays...

The photosynthetic apparatus in green plants and algae is located in the chloroplast, which is a flattened, double-membraned structure about 150-200 A thick/4,5 The two flat membranes lie one above the other and are united at their peripheries. These double-membraned structures have been termed thylakoids (from the Greek sacklike )/ Each membrane of the thylakoid consists of a water-insoluble lipoprotein complex which contains the light-absorbing chlorophyll and other pigments utilized in photosynthesis. 

Flat plate, flow parallel to, 15 7191 Flat-screen printing, 26 398 Flat wall paint, 7 137-139 Flavanthrone dye, 9 336 Flavanthrone Yellow, pigment for plastics, 7 366t... 

As a model of a pigmented system, consider a pigmented coating on a flat substrate, the whole illuminated and observed from the coating side. A great number of individual effects can occur in this situation, as Fig. 21 shows (except for refraction at the surface of the coating). 

Silica and alumina based pigments. These new substrate materials, SiO and Al Oj which were developed by Merck, are absolntely flat and therefore allow the production of very intense interference colonrs that can be coupled with a variety of goniochromic properties." ... 

Typical liquid systems require doses between 10 and 50 kGy. They consist of binders (prepolymers) with acrylic (H2C=CH-CO-0-) double bonds in the main chain (polymaleates and polyfumarates) and of monomers, usually acrylates used as reactive thinners. Other ingredients added to the formulation may be pigments, dyes, fillers, flatting agents, and additives to improve film and surface properties and attain the required performance criferia. ... 

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