Flares, water-activated

Pyrotechnic substances include those chemicals or mixtures that undergo combustion or explosive deflagration to produce heat, light, sound, gas, or smoke. 

Pyrotechnic ammunition provides pyrotechnic effects for military or civil defense purposes by combining a pyrotechnic chemical with one or more of the following items  

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Detonator, see Initiating Explosives, p.l 19 EEI, see Explosives and Class I, p.74 Explosive, extremely insensitive, see Explosives and Class I, p.74 Explosive, see Explosives and Class I, p.74 Fire extinguisher, see Fire Extinguishers, p.94 Flares, water-activated, see Pyrotechnics and Signals, p.l94... 

When immersed in water, the explosives in water-activated contrivances are initiated by electric current as water (acting as an electrolyte) immerses the electrodes of specially designed batteries by chemical reaction with water and by pressure sensors triggered at certain depths. These contrivances include ammunition, signal flares and other pyrotechnics, sounding devices (which are dropped by ships to determine depth), and actuating cartridges for gas cylinders that automatically inflate life rafts and jackets. 

Aeroplane flares Ammunition, illuminating with or without burster, expelling charge or propelling charge, 1.2G, 1.3G, 1.4G Ammunition, smoke (water-activated contrivances)... 

Rorosity, 0.02 /im mean pore size, Hoechst-Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, fC) filled with a 300 /im dia. nylon monofilament (F) and connected to end-flared 300 pm i.d. in/out PTFE tubes (TT) through which the scrubber liquid (in the present case, water) is pumped. The membrane tube is suspended concentrically within a PTFE jacket tube TJ (5 mm i.d. and maintained in a linear configuration by an external rigid tube, not shown). Air is sampled through the tee-ports PT and end-seals are provided by a series of nested plastic tubes (NP). Greater details of construction are available elsewhere (12). This D.S. was used for the H2C>2 translation system (hereinafter called system 1) with an active membrane length of 40 cm. 

Dispersal, Collection, and Analysis of the Tracer. The dispersal of the stable activable tracer is similar to that of a chemical tracer, radiotracer, etc. Tracer aerosols can be produced by, for example, p)n otechnic flares, acetone burners, or spraying water solutions. Dispersal in water should cause little problems other than concern that the initial tracer concentration near the point(s) of dispersal may be high. Collection and analysis of the tracer species proceed like the analysis of the trace element content of any matrix, except that the tracer should be present at a level high enou to ensure easy detection. 

Typical control measures used in pharmaceutical industry to reduce VOCs (including odors) are condensation, absorption (spray towers, venturi scrubbers, packed columns, and plate columns), adsorption (using activated carbon beds), thermal destruction (flares, boilers and process heaters, thermal incinerators, and catalytic incinerators), and vapor containment. Water- or brine-cooled condensers are the most common control devices, with carbon adsorbers in occasional use. Where the main objective is not solvent reuse but is the control of an odorons or toxic vapor, scrubbers or incinerators are used [86]. Typical spray dryer systems equipped with thermal and catalytic incinerators are shown in Figure 53.7. 

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