Flame retardants halogens

Antimony and other inorganic flame retardants, Halogenated flame retardants,... 

In their further work, Xu et al. combined the effects of the two different groups of flame retardants, halogens and phosphates, into one molecule in the hope that the integration would result in the improvement of flame retarding efficiency.For this purpose, they synthesized a series of organo-phosphates with partially fluorinated alkyls, which included TEP, BMP, and TDP. 

Flame Retardants. Bromine compounds make up an important segment of the market for flame retardants used in polymers. Additive flame retardants are added to polymers during processing reactive flame retardants react chemically to become part of the polymer chain itself In addition to the compounds listed in Table 3, a number of proprietary mixtures and phosphorus—bromine-containing flame retardants are also sold (see Flame retardants, HALOGENATED, FLAME RETARDANTS). 

Minor industrial uses include the application of silver iodide as a smoke for the seeding of clouds to induce rainfall. Compounds used for obtaining some nonflammable plastics and cellulose are benzyltriphenyl-phosphoniumiodides and [2,-(acetyloxy)ethyl] triphenyl-phosphoniumiodides (see Flame RETARDANTS, HALOGENATED FLAME retardants) (142). The addition of iodine to an aromatic hydrocarbon such as -butylbenzene results in the formation of charge-transfer complexes that display outstanding effectiveness as lubricants for hard-to-lubricate metals (143), such as titanium or steels (see also LUBRICATION AND LUBRICANTS). Iodine is also used in the production of high purity metals such as titanium, silicon, hafnium, and zirconium (144). 

Any post-consumer plastic stream will contain some halogens in the form of polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, brominated flame retardants, halogenated additives, food waste, or salt. Therefore, two issues must be considered. First, the gas stream resulting from the depolymerization of plastics must be scrubbed to remove any halogenated gases to satisfy emissions controls. Second, halogens in the liquid product must be minimized to increase its value and marketability. Therefore the Conrad process has been developed. It is a robust process unit that can accommodate a variable feedstream and produce a consistent product, free of nonhydrocarbon impurities by low feed preparation costs. 

Haltex 304 Haltex 310 flame retardant, halogenated polyesters... 

Lately substitution of hazardous substances has become a hard task for fabric finishing companies. Substances such as easy-care products, fluorocarbons for water- and oil-repellent properties, various flame retardants (halogen or phosphor-based), plasticizers... 

As reactive flame-retardants, halogenated styrenes such as monochlorostyrene or dibromostyrene may be admixed with the monomer mixture. 

Polyester resins Inorganic and organic flame retardants, halogen free Methods of determining flammability discussed [40]... 

Molybdenum and zine eontaining compounds have been used as flame and smoke suppressants for a variety of polymers. These metal containing species normally act to assist the build-up of char on the pol mier surface. This ehar is presumed to be the main method of flame retardancy. Halogenated systems form a large proportion of the market for molybdenum and zinc compounds. 

Encapsulation resins from Dow Chemical are solvent-free systems sold under the Voratron name. Flame-retarded halogen-free versions are available that meet UL94 V-0 requirements. These polyurethane crosslinked resins are both insulating materials and act as a construction material and housing for fixing electrical components in power distribution, transformers and cable joints. 

Some of this effort has been directed to replacement of tetrabromobisphenol A, a major reactive component of circuit boards (wiring boards). Extensive development of flame-retarded halogen-free circuit boards has taken place especially in Europe and the Far East to find alternatives to tetrabromobisphenol A-based epoxy circuit boards. The use of phosphate ester additives usually depresses the thermomechanical properties excessively, and so the use of reactive phosphorus compounds has been the preferred approach. 

Flame retardants halogen free systems (including phosphorus... 

The oxidation that occurs in the vapour phase is a free radical process and additives that can trap radicals such as H , O, HO2 and OH may be useful as flame retardants. Halogen-containing compounds are an example of particularly good radical scavengers and thus halogenated organic compounds find extensive use in flame retarded compound formulations. 

Intumescent flame retardant Halogen Content 0% Phosphorus Content 17.0%... 

Flame retardants halogenated compounds, phosphate esters... 

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