Fire extinguishers control buildings

An appropriate number, type, and size of hand-held fire extinguishers should be provided throughout the building to handle ordinary combustibles and electrical fires in the control room and related areas. Typically, clean agent or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers should be provided for electrical and electronic equipment. Dry chemical extinguishers should be avoided because of equipment contamination with powder. For use on ordinary combustible fires in the associated areas water or multipurpose dry chemical fire extinguishers should be provided. 

Active for example, safety shutdown systems to prevent accidents (e.g., a high level alarm in a tank shuts automatic feed valves) or to mitigate the effects of accidents (e.g., a sprinkler system to extinguish a fire in a building). Active systems require detection of a hazardous condition and some kind of action to prevent or mitigate the accident. Multiple active elements involve typically a sensor (detect hazardous condition), a logic device (decide what to do) and a control element (implement action). 

The discipline of engineering that applies scientific and technical principles to safeguard life, property, loss of income, and threat to the environment from the effects of fires, explosions, and related hazards. It is associated with the design and layout of buildings, industrial properties, structures, equipment, processes, and supporting systems. It is concerned with fire prevention, control, suppression, and extinguishment and provides for consideration of functional, operational, economic, aesthetic, and regulatory requirements. 

Sprinkler systems are automatic or semiautomatic extinguishing systems for buildings and other facilities. Smdies and experience have shown them to be the most effective means for controlling fires in buildings. Fires in most buildings with sprinkler systems require activation of only a few sprinklers near the fire for control. The cost to include sprinkler systems is offset by reduced insurance premiums and reduced losses if a fire does occur. There are standards for sprinkler systems. " ... 

Main control room 5 - Fire extinguishing system 6 - Main building ... 

BS 3116 Automatic Fire Alarms in Buildings Part 1 1970 Heat sensitive (point) detectors Part 4 1974 Control and indicating equipment BS 4422 Glossary of Terms Associated with Fire Part 1 1969 The phenomenon of fire Part 2 1971 Building materials and structures Part 3 1972 Means of escape Part 4 1975 Fire protection equipment Part 5 1976 Miscellaneous terms BS 45471972 Classification of Fires BS 5266 Emergency Lighting of Premises BS 5274 Fire Hose-reels for Portable Extinguishers... 

Burning may be considered another means of oxidation. Non-burning plastics are a must in commercial constructions according to building codes and are often required for automotive, electronic, and electrical applications. From the numerous thermoplastics, only the halogen-containing polymers, polyamides, polycarbonate, poly(phenylene oxide), polysulfone, and polyimides are self-extinguishing. Even these, such as poly (vinyl chloride), may become flammable when plasticized with a flammable plasticizer. Fire control can be the key to volume use of plastics. Polyester panels, urethane foam, and PVC tarpaulins account for nearly 90% of all fire retardants consumed. Consumption in 1967... 

National Fire Codes, Vol. 1, Flammable Liquids Vol. 2, Gases Vol. 4, Building Construction and Facilities, Vol. 5, Electrical, Vol. 6, Sprinklers, Fire Pumps, and Water Tanks, Vol. 7, Alarm and Special Extinguishing Systems, Vol. 8, Portable and Manual Fire Control Equipment, Vol. 9, Occupancy Standards and Process Hazards, National Fire Protection Association, Boston, 1964-1965. 

A diesel pump powered water system and portable and fixed chemical extinguishers have been provided to control any localized fire that would occur in electrical equipment or in grease, oil or solvents stored in the buildings Further, a continually manned central fire station Is located near the plant site ... 

The requirement for fire retardance in many applications has never been greater. Not only is the requirement for flame retardance increasing, but the control of airborne byproducts has become more important. In small-scale fires, it may be sufficient for a product to be self-extinguishing. There are, however, in the modern building, ship, train... 

As indicated above, the spread of fire and smoke can be controlled by both passive and active means. On the one hand, the measures include separation of buildings com-partmentation fire walls fire doors fire and smoke shutters controls on air conditioning and pressurization of critical areas such as stairways and, on the other, detectors and alarms extinguishers hose reels and sprinkler systems. Smoke detectors generally detect fire more quickly than heat detectors. 

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