Fine structure mapping

The histidine genes of S. typhimurium are among the best-characterized operons. The structural genes for the enz5mies of the histidine operon (ten enzymes that convert the 5-carbon chain of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to histidine) are in a cluster on the Salmonella chromosome. More than a thousand histidine-requiring mutants have been located on a fine-structure map of the operon (Whitfield et al. 1966). 

Dixon, R. A. F., and Schaffer, P. A., 1980, Fine structure mapping and functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in the gene encoding the HSV-1 immediate-early protein VP175, J. Virol. 36 189. 

Transfection also offers a unique way to study recombination in B, subtilis, as discussed in Section 6. In addition transfection can be applied to fine structure mapping (Green and Urban, 1972). 

X-ray absorption spectroscopy combining x-ray absorption near edge fine structure (XANES) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) was used to extensively characterize Pt on Cabosll catalysts. XANES Is the result of electron transitions to bound states of the absorbing atom and thereby maps the symmetry - selected empty manifold of electron states. It Is sensitive to the electronic configuration of the absorbing atom. When the photoelectron has sufficient kinetic energy to be ejected from the atom It can be backscattered by neighboring atoms. The quantum Interference of the Initial... 

Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) can use several signals from the specimen to analyze volumes of catalyst material about a thousand times smaller than conventional techniques. X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is the most quantitative mode of chemical analyse in the AEM and is now also useful as a high resolution elemental mapping technique. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) vftiile not as well developed for quantitative analysis gives additional chemical information in the fine structure of the elemental absorption edges. EELS avoids the problem of spurious x-rays generated from areas of the spectrum remote from the analysis area. 

The silicon map shows the distribution of slag inclusions, while the position of the weld lines can be seen to be marked by boundaries between areas of high and low phosphorus content and by enrichments of nickel and/or arsenic at the weld lines. Higher resolution maps can be made of welds to reveal their fine structure. 

S., and Jacobsen, C. (2005). Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano-scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil Application to black carbon particles. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19, GB1013. 

A wide range of studies have built up a detailed picture of the fine structure of ribosomes, mapping the location of the various RNA and protein components and their interactions. The overall shape of a 70S ribosome, gained through electron microscopy studies, is shown in Fig. 2. 

Finally, fibers with extremely fine structures, such as the feather sample, hindered elemental mapping even when they contained elements heavy... 

Scheuring, E., Padmakumar, R., Banerjee, R., and Chance, M. R., 1997, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of coenzyme B12 bound to methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase using global mapping techniques, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 12192012200. 

One can improve on the resolvability of the fine structures in Figure 4 by using a mapping involving the display of the two proxy quantities E (x) and kmax(x) as a function of the horizontal axis x, where E ax is the maximum of the L2-norm of the... 

Stocker RF (2001) Drosophila as a focus in olfactory research mapping of olfactory sensilla by fine structure, odor specificity, odorant receptor expression and central connectivity. Microsc Res Techn 55 284-296... 

Most of the methods described below are called topographic, in the sense that the diffraction spot has a fine structure that is an image or map of the crystal examined. To be topographic, a one-to-one correspondence must exist between points on the diffraction spot and points on the crystal. 

In addition to these methods, Vogels and co-workers" presented a preprocessing tool that uses a partial linear fit (PLF) algorithm to correct for small variations in the chemical shift within NMR data sets, without reduction of resolution and loss of spectral fine structure. Recently, a method using a combination of rapid search techniques and sparse mapping has also been proposed for the peak alignment of NMR data. ... 

Nicholls RD, Gottlieb W, Russell LB, Davda M, Horsthemke B, Rinchik EM (1993) Evaluation of potential models for imprinted and nonimprinted components of human chromosome 15ql 1-ql3 syndromes by fine-structure homology mapping in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 2050-2054. 

Hastbacka, T., et al. 1994. The diastrophic dysplasia gene encodes a novel sulfate transporter positional cloning by fine-structure linkage disequilibrium mapping. Ceil 78 1073. 

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