Financial concerns

FDA-approved product labeling is not intended to set the standard of medical practice, but to ensure consumer safety. However, product labeling often reflects the manufacturer s regulatory or financial concerns rather than current literature-supported information. Pharmacists must possess good drug information skills, and have access to accurate and unbiased information to assess therapeutic appropriateness when dispensing medications for unlabeled indications. 

Who is in charge of the laboratory Does he or she have the full support of management to ensure that the laboratory will function independently, without financial concerns or administrative interference ... 

Step 3 Selection of Consequence Measures Transportation risks arise from the release of hazardous materials as a result of accident- and/or non-accident-initiated events. The types of impacts that may be evaluated in a QRA include impacts to people, property, the environment, disraption of supply chain activities, and other financial concerns. 

If risk-scoring systems are apphed rigidly whereby a higher score indicates a greater risk than a lower score, and the scores are not considered in light of the employee, conununity, social, and financial concerns of the organization, its best interests may not be weU served. This applies especially to low probability events that may have severe consequences, for which risk scores may be low [p. 171]. 

Furthermore, although initially appointed to their positions for their OHS expertise or interests they noted that, when chairing the compensation boards, they were confronted by a logic which made the financial concerns of compensation authorities irresistible. Thus, all three expressed reservations about total merger. 

There are profound financial concerns raised by the effects of privatization and in turn the implications for safety. Some commentators do not believe that the rail network in Britain can be operated without substantive state subsidy, particularly given the relative lack of investment it was deemed to have suffered in previous decades. There is concern about the prospects for private investment in the infrastructure and rolling stock and about the possibility of asset stripping. In turn this leads to anxiety about consumer service with respect to the maintenance of the network, timetabling, and costs. More generally there is a worry that safety considerations will become very much more... 

There are basically four major areas that influence how a facility will be protected—legal, financial, management accountability, and moral or ethical. Legal concerns meeting regulations and rules that apply to the facility. Financial concerns maintaining a viable and profitable facility even if an incident occurs. 

As there is a distinct shortage of donor organs some propose that retransplantation should not be allowed, in order to save the lives of patients waiting for their first transplant (Collins and Mozdzierz 1993). There are substantial moral, ethical, and financial concerns regarding the fairness of cardiac retransplantation therefore, a rational approach to cardiac retransplantation is essential. 

There are other financial concerns that railroad managers have about FELA. In evidence to the TRB (1994) it was claimed that the higher benefits available under FELA induced workers to make claims for minor injuries, to stay away from work for longer when they are injured, and to make more spurious claims. There is certainly evidence to support some of these contentions. Meyer et al. (1995) found that the elasticity of injury duration with respect to the level of workers compensation benefits was of the order of 0.3-0.4. But the interpretation of this result is open to debate. Unions claim that current workers compensation rules do not adequately compensate workers with minor injuries, and thereby encourage workers to return to work too quickly and prior to full recuperation. 

This chapter has addressed the design and retrofit of supply chains taking into account financial concerns. The proposed framework applies mixed integer modeling techniques to develop holistic mathematical models that are able to optimize the strategic operations decisions in conjunction with those of finances. 

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