Financial computations

In the absence of a rislc allowance the cost of capital becomes a technical financial computation based on sources of funds and company policy. As such it will usually be presented as a figure specified For use in a particular appraisal and is therefore of little concern to the projec t assessor. However, the following resume indicates the lands of Factors to be considered. 

Labor Expenses. In the majority of situations, projects will cause a company s labor requirements to change. This change could be a positive effect that increases available productive time, or there could be a decrease in employees production time depending upon the practice. When computing labor expenses, the Tier 1 costs could be significant. Labor expense calculations can be simplistic or comprehensive. The most direct and basic approach is to multiply the wage rate by the hours of labor. More comprehensive calculations include the associated costs of payroll taxes, administration, and benefits. Many companies routinely track these costs and establish an internal burdened labor rate to use in financial analysis. 

O.P. acknowledges support of the Ministry of Science and Technology (CONACyT) of Mexico (Grant No. 25301-E) and the National University of Mexico (project INI 11597). O.P. is also grateful to Silicon Graphics Inc.-Cray Research of Mexico for partial financial support and generous allocation of computer time. 

One of us (B. W.) gratefully aknowledges financial support by the Deutsche For-schungsgemeinschaft. We are very grateful to A. Postnikov for the CusPt potentials. Also computational support by the HLRZ in. Jiilich is gratefully aknowledged. 

Many of the financial functions will tend to be centralized in order to enjoy economies of scale available using specially qualified staff and/or computers. 

This work would have been impossible without the continuous financial supports of the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, the Loterie Nationale for the conventions N° 9.4593.92 and N° 2,4519.97, the Belgian National Interuniversity Research Programs PAI/IUAP N° P3/49 and P4/10. The calculations reported here were performed at the Namur Scientific Computing Facility (Namur-SCF),... 

Bradshaw D. The computer learns from experts. Financial Times London 27 April 1989. 

We are indebted to the SERC Catalysis and Interfaces Initiative and ICI Katalco for financial support. Computational results were obtained using software programs from Biosym Technologies of San Diego. 

Financial support by the Committee for Scientific Research of Poland, KBN, grant no. 3 T09A 147 26 is acknowledged. The calculations were carried out with the computer facilities of CYFRONET-AGH, under grant no. KBN/SGI2800/UJ/018/2002. Piotr Pietrzyk is indebted to the Prime Minister of Poland for a Ph. D. Thesis Award and the Foundation for Polish Science for a stipend within the START program. 

We thank Dr. Andrew Cooksy and the SDSU Computational Science Center for assistance and resources and the SDSU Foundation for financial support. 

We wish to thank our coworkers, especially C.L. Wong and K.L. Rollick, for their invaluable contributions to the work we have presented, and the National Science Foundation for financial support of this research and funds to purchase the computer. 

The financial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) for the Collaborative Research Center Design and Management of Complex Technical Processes and Systems by Means of Computational Intelligence Methods (Sonderforschungsbere-ich 531) at the Universitat Dortmund, Project CIO, is gratefully acknowledged. 

The unsatisfactory nature of the current situation has been recognised for many years, but efforts to rectify it have encountered many technical challenges which could not be overcome with the available personnel and financial resources. Recent advances in computing hardware and software have led to new approaches and the development of cost-effective solutions. 

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