Filtration centrifugation

The scale-up of filtration centrifuges is usually done on an area basis, based on small-scale tests. Buchner funnel-type tests are not of much value here because the driving force for filtration is not only due to the static head but also due to the centrifugal forces on the Hquid in the cake. A test procedure has been described with a specially designed filter beaker to measure the intrinsic permeabiHty of the cake (7). The best test is, of course, with a small-scale model, using the actual suspension. Many manufacturers offer small laboratory models for such tests. The scale-up is most reHable if the basket diameter does not increase by a factor of more than 2.5 from the small scale. 

Manufacturers of sedimentation and filtration centrifuges can be found in Reference 13. 

These operations may sometimes be better kno Ti as mist entrainment, decantation, dust collection, filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation, screening, classification, scrubbing, etc. They often involve handling relatively large quantities of one phase in order to collect or separate the other. Therefore the size of the equipment may become very large. For the sake of space and cost it is important that the equipment be specified and rated to Operate as efficiently as possible [9]. This subject will be limited here to the removal or separation of liquid or solid particles from a vapor or gas carrier stream (1. and 3. above) or separation of solid particles from a liquid (item 4j. Reference [56] is a helpful review. 

Other important separation techniques such as pressure-leaf filtration, centrifugation, rotary drum filtration and others all require technology very specific to the equipment and cannot be generalized in many instances. 

Removal of insoluble particulates using various separation techniques. Common operations are filtration, centrifugation and/or settling/sedimentation/decanting. 

All non-invasive devices intended for modifying the biological or chemical composition of blood, other body liquids or other liquids intended for infusion into the body are in Class lib, unless the treatment consists of filtration, centrifugation or exchanges of gas, heat, in which case they are in Class lla. Rule 4... 

The choice between a sedimentation or filtration centrifuge for a particular application will depend on the nature of the feed and the product requirements. 

The main factors to be considered are summarised in Table 10.4. As a general rule, sedimentation centrifuges are used when it is required to produce a clarified liquid, and filtration centrifuges to produce a pure, dry, solid. 

Figure 10.20. Filtration centrifuge family tree (after Bradley, 1965a)...

The capacity of filtration centrifuges is very dependent on the solids concentration in the feed. For example, at 10 per cent feed slurry concentration 9 kg of liquid will be centrifuged for every 1 kg of solids separated whereas with a 50 per cent solids concentration the quantity will be less than 1 kg. For dilute slurries it is well worth considering using some form of pre-concentration such as gravity sedimentation or a hydrocyclone. 

Other sludge dewatering technologies used include vacuum filtration, centrifugation, and sludge bed drying. No pollutant removability data are currently available for this industry. 

Gravity thickening Pressure filtration Vacuum filtration Centrifugation Sludge bed drying... 

Protein binding parameters B, and Kh as depicted in Eq. (44), are obtained from in vitro experiments utilizing filtration, centrifugation, and dynamic dialysis or equilibrium dialysis methods. These techniques have been reviewed elsewhere [54,55],... 

The groundwater must also be treated to remove contamination. The costs of this may run as high as 160 per cubic meter. This is based on a figure of. 16 per liter for highly contaminated water. The estimate includes equipment costs and amortization. Equipment needed may include filtration, centrifuges, sedimentation, chemical treatment and any materials disposal. 

Purification of the reboiled caustic soda is important to remove sizes (raw-mercerization), dyes (mercerization of dyed materials), fibers, and impurities released from the fibers. Important techniques are filtration, centrifugation, flotation processes, and oxidative processes [29-31]. The application of membrane processes for reconcentration is limited to low concentrations of NaOH because of the insufficient chemical stability of the membranes. 

Keywords. Perfusion cultures, mammalian cell retention devices, filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation... 

Release protein from plant material into aqueous environment -wet milling, vacuum filtration, centrifugation... 

A) Firm Rag. G. Mangiarotti, ItalP 528927 (1955) CA 53, 3598 (1959) [Purification of a mixture of T4 (RDX) and Tritolo (TNT) can be achieved by dissolving it at 45° in acetone, cooling to 25° and, after decantation, filtration, centrifugation and treatment with C or decolorizing earth, crystallizing in a vertical crystallizer. 

Thermal denaturation, recovery of precipitated protein by filtration/ centrifugation and spray-drying, to yield lactalbumin which has very low solubility and limited functionality. 

Precipitation Electrodeposition Masking Ion Exchange Filtration Centrifugation Exclusion Chromatography Dialysis GLC, GSC, LLC, LSC Liquid-Liquid Extraction Distillation Sublimation Zone Electrophoresis Zone Refining ... 

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