Ultra-centrifuge 746 -filtration

Sedimentation by gravity Cent rifugation/ultra centrifugation Filtration/ultrafiltration... 

Ugai H, Yamasaki T, Hirose M, et al. (2005). Purification of infectious adenovirus in two hours by ultra-centrifugation and tangential flow filtration. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 331 1053-1060. 

Anotlier standard metliod is to use a (high-speed) centrifuge to sediment tire colloids, replace tire supernatant and redisperse tire particles. Provided tire particles are well stabilized in tire solvent, tliis allows for a rigorous purification. Larger objects, such as particle aggregates, can be fractionated off because tliey settle first. A tliird metliod is (ultra)filtration, whereby larger impurities can be retained, particularly using membrane filters witli accurately defined pore sizes. 

Emit juice clarification is the oldest and largest use of pectinase. The traditional way to prepare juices is by cmshing and pressing fruit pulp. The raw juice is a viscous liquid with a persistent cloud of cell wall fragments and protein complexes. Addition of pectinase lowers the viscosity of the juice and modifies the haze particles. These sediment and can be removed by centrifugation or (ultra)filtration. Pectin lyase or the combination of polygalacturonase with pectin esterase are found optimal for this application. 

In the first step the (R,S)-nitrile is rapidly and quantitatively hydrolyzed to the (R,S)-amide. The amidase containing biomass is then added so that the (R)-amide is specifically hydrolyzed to the (R)-acid, and the product, the (S)-amide, remains. A completely new isolation process was developed ultra-filtration, electrodialysis, ion-exchange chromatography, reverse osmosis, crystallization, centrifugation, and drying. The product has been produced at a 15 m3 scale and has an ee value of >98%. The isolated yield calculated from the nitrile was >35%. The (R)-acid can be recycled by reacting it with thionyl chloride and ammonia to produce the (R,S)-amide. This results in minimal waste and higher yields. 

Human blood specimens Pb Centrifuge filter mix filtrate with Hg++/HCl [N/MT] Perform analyses using the Osteryoung square wave stripping voltammetry mode on electrochemical analyzer with glass or PE shrouded carbon disk ultra-microelectrodes [SWSV] [N/MT-SWSV] Feldman et al. 1994... 

Furusawa N, Simultaneous high-performace liquid chromatographic determination of sulfamonomethoxine and its hydroxy/N4-acetyl metabolites following centrifugal ultra-filtration in animal blood plasma, Chromatographia 2000 52 653-656. 

Using the quarterly ammonium salts, it is possible to perform the hyaluronau fractionation, which can be done by adding cetylpyridineammonium chloride to a solution of sodium hyaluronate in 0.25 N solution of sodium sulfate. The supernatant is diluted subsequently with aqueous sodium sulfate at 0.19, 0.174, 0.165, 0.130 and 0.06 N concentrations. After each dilution the solution is centrifuged and HA isolated from the precipitant by dialysis and re-predpitation with three volumes of ethanol. As a result, several fractions with different molecular masses are isolated. A similar result could be achieved by fractional precipitation with acetone or molecular ultra-filtration through the appropriate membranes [24,25]. 

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