Film dip

Figure 5 Effect of surface pressures on the amount of incorporated water (W2) and the evaporation speed (v ) in the transfer of cadmium octadecanoate LB films (dipping speed 100 mm min-i, 20 °C, at the 5th transfer cycle).

Various efforts have been made to form LB films of fatty acids using a subphase containing trivalent cations. Reference has already been made to the pioneering work of Wostenholme and Schulman [77J and the review article by Binks [78], Two recent attempts have been made to carry out such a programme by Prakash et al. [146J and Ohe et al. [147]. Both groups of workers made use of trivalent iron in the subphase and had some success, but X-ray diffraction data showed that the films obtained were far less well ordered than films dipped over divalent cations. 

Figure 5.19 AFM topographical images of PMMA-h-PHEMA thin films dipped in 0.5 wt % solutions of (a) 1,4-dioxane (b) methanol and (c) 2-methoxyethanol. (From Yin et al.98 Reprinted in part with permission. Copyright 2005 American Chemical Society.)...

Abrishamchian, A., Hooshmand, T., Mohammadi, M., and Hajafi, F. (2013) Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotube/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite film dip coated on Ti-6A1-4V by sol-gel method for biomedical applications an in vitro study. Mater Sci. Eng. C, 33 (4), 2002 -2010. 

The Faradaic activity of thin films of pol3nneric phthalocyanines 31 (M = Cu(II)) on titanium foils in electrochemical cells has been investigated [94]. Electrodes with the polymer film dipped into an aqueous solution of K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 exhibit a high Faradaic activity and reversibility comparable to a bare platinum electrode. The electrically conductive polymer allows an efficient electron transfer to redox couples in solution. Thin films of... 

Optical and electrical properties (film dip oated from cyclohexane solution) ... 

Chem. Descrip. Emulsion PVC homopolymer CAS 9002-86-2 EINECS/ELINCS 208-750-2 Uses PVC for compact paste processing for coated fabrics, canvas coating, unsupported layers/films, dipping/casting, spray coating (e.g underbody coatings for automobiles)... 

Figure 2.19 SEM micrograph showing cleaved cross-section of BN film dip coated onto Si substrate under nitrogen.

Since electrochemical doping occurs in semiconducting polymer films dipped in solution, the liquid-junction device composed of semiconducting polymer films can be doped photochemically (Eqs. (21), (22)). 

FIGURE 4.12 PFOM film dip coated on glass slide from 2 wt% solution in FC72. 5-50 tm glass microspheres dusted on dried polymer film at indicated temperature. Excess particles removed with 60 psi (414 kPa) air gun. Film thickness 50 nm, image area 1x1 mm. (a) 50°C,... 

Figure 5. SERRS spectra ofbiotin-4-fluorescein, recorded at 514 nm excitation, recordedfrom 14 bilayer avidin/Ag nanoparticle LbL films dipped into PBS solutions with tagged dye concentrations of (a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 10, and (d) 10 M. All films were thoroughly rinsed and driedfollowing dipping. Inset shows molecular structure of biotin-4-fluorescein.

Next, Fig. 23 shows the weight reduction of TiN and CrN films dipped in a 10% hydrochloric acid solution (26). The films were deposited on stainless steel substrates using cathodic arc ion plating. The weight loss of the coated samples is smaller than that of the uncoated sample. In particular, the corrosion resistance of the CrN film is noted to be superior to that of the TiN film, as a Cr203 layer is more stable than a Ti02 one in regard to each protective layer formed in a corrosive solution. 

Fuertes and Menendez (2002) and Centeno and Fuertes (1999, 2001) have published a series of studies using this precursor. Centeno and Fuertes (1999) have spin coated a small amount of a novolak-type phenolic resin on the surface of carbon supports. The membranes were then carbonized in a tubular furnace from 500 to 1000°C in vacuum. The resulting membranes had O2/N2 selectivity of around 10 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 160. This work was later extended and in that case (Centeno and Fuertes, 2001 Fuertes and Menendez, 2002) a novalak-type phenolic resin was deposited on the inner face of a ceramic tubular membrane used for ultrafiltration. The membrane was subsequently pyro-lyzed to 700°C. In some cases an oxidative pretreatment was used before pyrolysis or an oxidative posttreatment after pyrolysis. The resulting membranes had O2 permeabilities around 100 Barrers and O2/N2 selectivities around 12 at 25°C. Films dip coated with resin three times had lower permeability and only slightly higher selectivities than those dipped only once. For hydrocarbon mixtures, the separation performance was increased by several treatments air oxidation of the resin, air oxidation of the carbon, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) posttreatment of the carbon. 

Table n. Refractive indices and vol% porosities for films dip-coated from B2 sols and AAB sols (diluted S l) as a function of aging time (or aging time normalized by the gelation time). Mass fractal dimension values are for sols aged for comparable norooaliz aging times. 

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