Fill time Flame

Suspend the bomb by a wire or a metal rod through F. Fill with water the annular space between the pillar F and the hole in the top of H. Now heat the base of A with a pointed flame, e.., from a blowpipe pointing upwards. The time required for heating in this way is usually about i minute, but an ordinary Bunsen flame, used without concentration on the bottom of A, may require about 4 minutes. The... 

Various types of detector tubes have been devised. The NIOSH standard number S-311 employs a tube filled with 420—840 p.m (20/40 mesh) activated charcoal. A known volume of air is passed through the tube by either a handheld or vacuum pump. Carbon disulfide is used as the desorbing solvent and the solution is then analyzed by gc using a flame-ionization detector (88). Other adsorbents such as siUca gel and desorbents such as acetone have been employed. Passive (diffuse samplers) have also been developed. Passive samplers are useful for determining the time-weighted average (TWA) concentration of benzene vapor (89). Passive dosimeters allow permeation or diffusion-controlled mass transport across a membrane or adsorbent bed, ie, activated charcoal. The activated charcoal is removed, extracted with solvent, and analyzed by gc. Passive dosimeters with instant readout capabiUty have also been devised (85). 

The results of the studies.discussed in Section II,C permit calculations to be made of the time required for the flame to spread to the entire propellant surface. Once this phase of the motor-ignition process has been completed, the time required to fill the combustion chamber and establish the steady-state operating conditions must be computed. This can be done by the formal solution of Eq. (7). Because this equation is a Bernoulli type of nonlinear equation, the formal solution becomes... 

The UN deflagration test consists of a Dewar vessel with a volume of about 400 cm3. The vessel is filled with preheated material (standard temperature is 50°C if the stability of the substance permits), and the substance is initiated at the top of the vessel with a flame. The propagation of deflagration is recorded by temperature sensors that are located in the substance at preset distances. From the time required for passing two temperature sensors and from the known distance between them, the deflagration velocity can be calculated. 

Gas chromatographic data was obtained on a Tracor Model 220 gas chromatograph equipped with a Varian Model 8000 autosampler. The analysis column was a 1.7 m "U column, 4 mm id, filled with 3% SP-2250 packing (Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA) held at 200 C. The injection temperature was 250 and the nitrogen carrier gas flow rate was 60 mL/min. The detector temperatures were 350 for electron capture and 190 for flame photometric. Detector signals were processed by a Varian Vista 401 which gave retention times and peak areas. 

Eirst of all the parts of the apparatus (see Eig.3.1) are carefully cleaned and assembled, evacuated under a flame, and filled with dry nitrogen three times. 

In a chromatographic column a tube is filled with a powder of a solid that acts as an adsorbent for the molecules to be identified. As shown in Figure 12-19, a pulse of the gas mixture is injected into the tube in a flowing stream of an inert carrier gas (which does not adsorb on the solid) such as He or H2, and the products leaving the column are detected using a thermal conductivity or flame ionization detector and recorded as a signal versus time in the chromatogram. Each species is identified by its residence time on a particular column, and the amount of that species is proportional to the area under the peak. 

Aluminum soap manufactured from vegetable oils was a commercial thickening agent for gasoline and was used as a Napalm fill. Though Napalm possesses excellent flaming ability and proved best at that time, it, however, suffers from some disadvantages such as ... 

The filled ampules are evacuated to a pressure of < 10 3 torr. As described for the synthesis of TiBr3 (previous section) the lower part of the ampule is cooled while sealing quickly with a very hot flame. The sealed ampule is placed in a slightly inclined ( 15 °C) furnace and heated at a rate of 100°Ch-1 to the reaction temperature (Table I). After the reaction time listed in Table I the heating power is switched off, and the system is left to cool down to room temperature. 

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