Natural fiber-reinforced composite

Key Words —Nanotubes, mechanical properties, thermal properties, fiber-reinforced composites, stiffness constant, natural resonance. 

The basic nature of composite materials was introduced in Chapter 1. An overall classification scheme was presented, and the mechanical behavior aspects of composite materials that differ from those of conventional materials were described in a qualitative fashion. The book was then restricted to laminated fiber-reinforced composite mafeffals. The basic definitions and how such materials are made were then treated. Finally, the current and potential advantages of composite materials were discussed along with some case histories that clearly reveal how composite materials are used in structures. 

The lower thermal stability of natural fibers, up to 230°C, the thermal stability is only small, which limits the number of thermoplastics to be considered as matrix materials for natural fiber composites. Only those thermoplastics whose processing temperature does not exceed 230°C are usable for natural fiber reinforced composites. These are, most of all, polyolefines, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Technical thermoplastics, such as poyamides, polyesters, and polycarbonates, require... 

The study and application of composite materials are a truly interdisciplinary endeavor that has been enriched by contributions from chemistry, physics, materials science, mechanics and manufacturing engineering. The understanding of the interface (or interphase) in composites is the central point of this interdisciplinary effort. From the early development of composite materials of various nature, the optimization of the interface has been of major importance. While there are many reference books available on composite materials, few of them deal specifically with the science and mechanics of the interface of fiber reinforced composites. Further, many recent advances devoted solely to research in composite interfaces are scattered in different published literature and have yet to be assembled in a readily accessible form. To this end this book is an attempt to bring together recent developments in the field, both from the materials science and mechanics perspective, in a single convenient volume. 

FT-IR has been used to study the nature of the interfacial reactions between epoxies and silane coupling agents in fiber-reinforced composites 36,37). FT-IR has the capabil-... 

Bamboo is a natural fiber reinforced composite and functionally graded material[6,7,8]. It has... 

The commercial application of natural fiber reinforced composite systems compared on Table IV is extremely rapidly growing in the automobile manufacturing. Figure 4 shows the conceivable applications for natural fiber reinforced composite in a typical European passenger car [12], Similar application can be designed in commercial heavy transporter (see Fig. 5). 

K. Williams. Automotive industry uses of natural fiber reinforced composites. In The Global Outlook for Natural Fiber Wood Composites 2003, Intertech, New Orleans, LA, December 2003. 

Joshi, S.V., Drzal, L.T., Mohanty, A.K., Arora, S., 2004. Are natural fiber composites environmentally superior to glass fiber reinforced composites Composites Part A 35, 371-376. 

The inherent polar and hydrophilic nature of lignocellulosic fibers and the nonpolar characteristics of most thermoplastics results in compounding difficulties leading to non-uniform dispersion of fibers within the matrix, which impairs the efficiency of the composite. This is a major disadvantage of natural fiber-reinforced composites. 

Processing of the Composites 23.3.4.1 Natural fiber-reinforced composite... 

Fiber reinforced composites are a classic example of biomimetic translation of nature s wisdom into technology. Many principles of composites have... 

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the trimerization of aromatic nitriles under the conventional resin/fiber composite fabrication conditions using p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. Trimerization parameters investigated included reaction temperature, pressure, time, and concentration of catalyst. The influence of the nature of aromatic nitriles on trimerization was also studied. Also presented are preliminary results on the use of the catalytic trimerization of the nitrile-terminated imide oligomers to fabricate graphite fiber reinforced composites. 

Polvimide/Graphite Fiber Reinforced Composite. Since aromatic nitrile-terminated imide oligomers are similar in nature as p-cyanophthalanil and possess the same functionality as terephtiijilonitrile, they ould be able to trimerize smd form the s-triazine ring containing polymers under the similar reaction conditions. 

Computational techniques have extensively been used to stu(fy the interfacial mechanics and nature of bonding in CNT-polymer composites. The computational studies can be broadly classified as atomistic simulations and continuum methods. The atomistic simulations are primarily based onMD simulations and DFT [105-110], The main focus of these techniques was to understand and stndy the effect of bonding between the polymer and nanotube (covalent, electrostatic or vdW forces) and the effect of friction on the interface. The continuum methods extend the continuum theories of microme-chanics modeling and fiber-reinforced composites (elaborated in the next section) to CNT-polymer composites [111-114] and explain the behavior of the composite from a mechanics point of view. 

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