Fever intravenous

If begun within 24 hours of rash onset, oral acyclovir is efficacious in varicella of children and adults. In children weighing up to 40 kg, acyclovir (20 mg/kg, up to 800 mg per dose, four times daily for 5 days) reduces fever and new lesion formation by 1 day. Such use should be considered in those at risk of moderate-to-severe illness (persons >12 years old, secondary household cases, those with chronic cutaneous or pulmonary disorders, or those receiving glucocorticoids or long-term salicylates In adults treated within 24 hours, oral acyclovir (800 mg five times daily for 7 days) reduces the time to crusting of lesions by 2 days, the maximum number of lesions by 50%, and duration of fever. Intravenous acyclovir is effective in varicella pneumonia or encephalitis of previously healthy adults. Oral acyclovir (10 mg/kg four times daily) given between 7 and 14 days after exposure may reduce the risk of varicella. 

Intravenous and/or aerosol ribavirin has been used occasionally in treating severe influenza virus infection and in the treatment of immunosuppressedpatients with adenovirus, vaccinia, parainfluenza, or measles virus infections. Aerosolized ribavirin reduces duration of fever but has no other beneficial effects in influenza infections in hospitalized children. Intravenous ribavirin decreases mortality in Lassa fever and has been used in treating other arenavirus-related hemorrhagic fevers. Intravenous ribavirin is beneficial in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome owing to hantavirus infection but ineffective in hantavirus-associated cardiopulmonary syndrome or SARS. 

The polyene Amph B (intravenous formulation) has the broadest spectrum, is fungicidal and shows its superiority in immunosuppressed patients. Its only drawback is its infusion-related toxicity and its negative influence on renal function. Acute reactions to Amph B - usually fever chills, rigor and nausea - can be... 

The glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin (intravenous formulation) is new on the market for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients whose disease is refractory to, or who are intolerant of, other therapies. During the clinical trials fever, infused vein complications, nausea, vomiting and in combination with cyclosporin mild transient hepatic side effects were observed. Interaction with tacrolismius and with potential inducer or mixed inducer/inhibitors of drug clearance was also seen. 

Other adverse reactions that may be seen with administration of the cephalosporins are headache, dizziness, nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance), malaise, heartburn, and fever. Intramuscular (IM) administration often results in pain, tenderness, and inflammation at the injection site Intravenous (IV) administration has resulted in thrombophlebitis and phlebitis. 

In patients receiving infliximab, monitor for infusion-related reactions such as hypotension, dyspnea, fever, chills, or chest pain when administering intravenous doses. 

N, nausea D, diarrhea HA, headache SOB, shortness of breath HTN, hypertension LFTs, liver function tests CBC, complete blood count ISR, injection-site reactions IR, infusion reactions IV, intravenous MYL, myelosuppression (watch for fever, symptoms of infection, easy bruisability, and bleeding) SC, subcutaneous. 

Broad intravenous antibiotic coverage for the encapsulated organisms can include ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. For patients with true cephalosporin allergy, clindamycin may be used. If staphylococcal infection is suspected owing to previous history or the patient appears acutely ill, vancomycin should be initiated. Macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin and azithromycin, may be initiated if Mycoplasma pneumonia is suspected. While the patient is receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics, their regular use of penicillin for prophylaxis can be suspended. Fever should be controlled with acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Because of the risk of dehydration during infection with fever, increased fluid may be needed.6,27... 

The mainstay of treatment for vaso-occlusive crisis includes hydration and analgesia (see Table 65-7). Pain may involve the extremities, back, chest, and abdomen. Patients with mild pain crises may be treated as outpatients with rest, warm compresses to the affected (painful) area, increased fluid intake, and oral analgesia. Patients with moderate to severe crises should be hospitalized. Infection should be ruled out because it may trigger a pain crisis, and any patient presenting with fever or critical illness should be started on empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics. Patients who are anemic should be transfused to their baseline. Intravenous or oral fluids at 1.5 times maintenance is recommended. Close monitoring of the patient s fluid status is important to avoid overhydration, which can lead to ACS, volume overload, or heart failure.6,27... 

Resolution of fever should take place between 36 and 48 hours after initiation of the intravenous quinidine therapy, and the blood should be clear of parasites in 5 days. 

Intravenous administration of rTNF induces a disease state that closely resembles septic shock accompananied by tissue damage (M28, T12). TNF induces fever, leukocyte aggregation, hypotension, stress hormone release, lung edema, and hemorrhagic necrosis of various organs (T12). 

There is no proven treatment for smallpox, but in persons exposed to smallpox who do not show symptoms as yet, the vaccine — if given within four days after exposure — can lessen the severity of or even prevent illness. However, once a patient shows symptom, treatment is limited to supportive therapy and antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Patients with smallpox can benefit from supportive therapy such as intravenous fluids, and medicines to control fever or pain. 

Treatment — As with all viral hemorrhagic fevers, supportive therapy must be given, dependent on the complications experienced by patients. Treatment would be intravenous ribavarin for 4 to 6 days. While no human studies to date verify the efficacy of this treatment, cell and rodent studies attest to its efficacy. An effective inactivated vaccine that can be administered in three doses is available. Protective antibodies appear before 14 days and last 1 year. Annual boosters must be given.3... 

The indications for Hi-antihistaminics are derived from their mechanism of action all conditions in which a histamine release, mainly as sequel of an allergic reaction (bronchial asthma, hey fever, urticaria, allergic reactions to food or drugs), dominates the clinical symptoms. They can be used pro-phylactically or in acute situations, even by intravenous application. 

Indications for use of parenteral iron, e.g. as fer-rioxidesaccharate or iron dextran, are in patients on hemodialysis and patients with a disease which prevents absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, in patients who are on long term parenteral nutrition and sometimes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Parenteral iron does not raise the hemoglobin level significantly faster than oral therapy and carries a risk of severe adverse reactions. Reactions to intravenous iron include headache, malaise, fever, arthralgias, urticaria and in rare cases anaphylactic reactions, which may be fatal. 

Hudarabine phosphate is a fluorinated nucleotide analog of the antiviral agent vidarabine. Its cytotoxicity is not well understood. It is rapidly dephospho-rylated at the cell membrane level and then rephos-phorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate derivative. It inhibits DNA polymerase and DNA primase. It is also incorporated into DNA and RNA. Hudarabine is administered intravenously by infusion over 30-120 min. It is eliminated by renal excretion with a terminal half life 10 hours. Adverse effects include myelosuppres-sion, nausea, vomiting, chills and fever. The number of CD4 positive cells is reduced and the incidence of opportunistic infections is increased. 

Aldesleukin is a recombinant form of human Interleukin-2 (IL-2). It has been approved for the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell cancer. The medicine is administered every 8 hours by a 15-minute intravenous infusion for a maximum of 14 doses. Adverse reactions include hypo- and hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, fever, fatigue, lethargy, joint pain, headache. Cardiovascular problems may occur. 

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