Ferrous ammonia compound

Metal hydride-nitride catalyst for ammonia synthesis prepared from rare-earth and ferrous metal compounds on a ceramic carrier. L. V. Krivonosov, S. P. Shilkin, and V. V. Burnasheva (AS USSR New Chem PR). SU 740274 (1980). 

Ammonium-ferrisulfat, n. ammonium iron(III). sulfate, ferric ammonium sulfate, -ferro-sulfat, n. ammonium iron(II) sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, -jodat, n. ammonium iodate. -jodid, n. ammonium iodide, -platinchlorid, n. ammonium platinichloride (chloroplatinate). -rest, m. ammonium radical. rhodanid, -rhodantir, n. ammonium thiocyanate, -salpeter, m. ammonium nitrate, -salz, n. ammonium s t. -selfe,/. ammonia soap, -sulfhydrat, n. ammonium hydrosulfide, -sulfocyanid, n. ammonium thiocyanate, -verbindung,/. ammonium compound, -zinn-chlorid, n. ammonium chlorostannate, pink salt. 

Aminobenzo[6]thiophene and its simple ring-substituted derivatives are most conveniently obtained by reduction of the corresponding nitro compound with tin and hydrochloric acid,883,334,544,545 iron and hydrochloric acid,555 ferrous sulfate and ammonia,185,330 333 334,497 sodium borohydride and palladized charcoal,337 cata-lytically,152, 422,488,543 or, preferably, with Raney nickel and hydrazine hydrate.152,298,338,497,556 Several 5-aminobenzo-[6]thiophenes may also be made by cyclization reactions (Section IV, D).239,330,331 333,494... 

Certain iron compounds have been used for reduction. Ferrous sulphate in aqueous solution, with ammonia, baryta, or sodium hydroxide, may be used for reducing, as also may ferrous potassium oxalate in neutral, alkaline, or weakly acid solution. 

General Properties of Compounds of Nickel.—Nickel usually behaves as a divalent element. Its salts when anhydrous are yellow in colour. They can usually be obtained in various stages of hydration, in which condition they axe usually green, and frequently yield series of double salts, analogous in physical properties and in chemical constitution to many double salts obtainable with divalent iron. Like copper salts, those of nickel readily unite with ammonia. Like ferrous salts they absorb nitric oxide, but without change of colour.1... 

Chemolithotrophs obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen gas (H2), nitrite (NOj), ammonia (NH3), and ferrous iron (Fe2+). Chemolithotrophy is restricted to bacteria and is not found in higher forms of life. Chemolithotrophic bacteria are widespread in soil and water, and they benefit from the inorganic energy sources available in these habitats. 

A solution of 150 g. of ferrous sulfate in hot water is added rapidly to a solution of 10 g. (0.064 mole) of 5-nitrouracil (p, 238) and 150 ml. of concentrated aqueous ammonia solution in 600 ml. of hot water. The resulting mixture is boiled for 30 minutes. The precipitated ferric hydroxide is removed by filtration, and the filtrate is concentrated. When the filtrate is cooled the amino compound precipitates, and it is purified by solution in a minimum volume of dilute hydrochloric acid followed by reprecipitation with dilute ammonium hydroxide solution. There is obtained 5.5 g. of 5-aminouracil corresponding to a yield of 68%. 

The first phenolic derivative of ferrocene to be reported, di(l-hy-droxy-3-methyl-cyclopentadienyl) iron, was prepared by the reaction between 3-methyl-2-cyclopentanone, sodamide, and ferrous chloride in liquid ammonia. This compound is remarkably unstable, being extremely sensitive to air. It is a yellow substance which sublimes at 130-140° at 0.1 mm pressure, and is readily soluble in methylene dichloride but insoluble in carbon tetrachloride and in n-heptane. In water saturated with nitrogen a yellow solution is produced which rapidly bec( nes blue-green on exposure to air. The compound forms a benzoate (mp 121-123.5°) which is stable in air. An analogous derivative of the dicyclo-pentadienyl cobalt (III) cation has also been obtained (6). 

The Baxter Water Treatment Plant, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is a 12.35-m /s (282-MGD) conventional water treatment plant built in 1960. The plant supphes drinking water from the Delaware River to a population of over 800,000. Chemicals used in treatment include chlorine, ferric chloride or ferrous sulfate, hme, fluoride, and ammonia. Powdered activated carbon is used on demand for control of taste and odor, and chloride dioxide is used for control of THMs, tastes, and odors. The chlorine dioxide system was left over from the previous water treatment plant on that site. In the 1950s, it was used to oxidize phenolic compounds found in the watershed, which have since been eliminated. 

In some reactions the compounds unsubstituted at nitrogen proved to be typical oxaziridines. So the classification as oxaziridines was never a problem. They can be cleaved by hydrolysis to give carbonyl compounds and hydrox-ylamine and can easily be reduced by iodide in acid solution to form iodine, the carbonyl compound, and ammonia. N-Alkylation by t-butyl chloride leads to the known Ai-t-butyloxaziridine. By the action of ferrous salts the diamide of dodecanedicarboxylic acid is formed, in analogy to the formation of 31. 

In 1928, at Grangemouth, Scotland, at the works of Messrs. Scottish Dyes Ltd., traces of a dark blue insoluble complex were noticed in the iron vessels used to prepare phthalimide from phthalic anhydride and ammonia (65, 221). This product was subsequently shown to be ferrous phthalo-cyanine. Since then literally thousands of patents and publications concerning the phthalocyanines have appeared. It is probable that the phthalocyanines have been the subject of more physical studies than any other single class of compound, partly as a result of their unique structure and partly because of their high thermal and chemical stability. 

The ferrous halides combine with gaseous ammonia, forming several ammoniates of which the highest are the hexammoniates that contain the ion, [Fe(NH3)6]2+. Other anhydrous ferrous compounds also absorb ammonia. The ammine complexes are not stable in water, however, except in saturated aqueous ammonia. With chelating amine ligands, many complexes stable in aqueous solution are known. For example, ethylenediamine forms the entire series ... 

Where two salts that form solid solutions are to be separated, it is far better to use chemical methods of separation where possible. Suppose it were necessary to prepare pure MnS04 7H20 from a quantity of the salt contaminated with ferrous sulfate. Rather than to attempt a direct recrystallization it would be better to dissolve the salt in water, oxidize the ferrous sulfate to ferric by means of chlorine water, neutralize carefully to pH 5 with ammonia to precipitate all the iron as hydrated ferric oxide, and then recrystallize the manganous sulfate. Other separation methods that can be used in such cases are the fractional distillation of volatile compounds and ion exchange both of these methods have been used in separating the rare-earth elements. ... 

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