Ceramic-carrier

Kariminaai-Hamedaani HR, Kanda K, Kato F (2003) Wastewater trewatment with bacteria immobilized onto a ceramic carrier in an aerated system. J Biosci Bioengin 2 128-132... 

Park YS, Yun JW, Kim DS, Song SK (1998) Wastewater treatment in packed bed reader with immobilized cells onto ceramic carriers. Biotechnol Tech 12 459 -62... 

Ce02-supported noble-metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd and Rh are of interest because of their importance in the so-called three-way converter catalysts (TWC), designed to reduce emissions of CO, NOx and uncombusted hydrocarbons in the environment and to purify vehicle-exhaust emissions. Such catalysts are also of current interest in steam reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons. Conventional practical catalysts for steam reforming consist of nickel supported on a ceramic carrier with a low surface area and are used at high temperatures of 900 C. This catalyst suffers from coke formation which suppresses the intrinsic catalyst activity. Promoters such as Mo are added to suppress coke formation. Recently, Inui etal(l991) have developed a novel Ni-based composite... 

Fig. 1. The traveling-wave micropump assembly. The electrode array chip, with a channel cut in a glass cover mounted on it, is sandwiched between a ceramic carrier and a Plexiglass cover. The volume between the chip and Plexiglass cover forms the circulatory space, consisting of the pump channel itself as well as the two side-channels around the outside of the return flow [31]...

The catalysts required for chemical reactions are often added to the reaction chamber on ceramic carriers as they have a large internal surface area, a defined pore structure, and high... 

Catalysts. The studies were focused on an industrial two-layer catalyst of varying activity. The catalyst was prepared in portions of 70 - 100 kg each. The upper layer contained less of the active mass than the lower (6 7 wt.% and 8 wt.% relative to the mass of the support, respectively). The active mass, consisting of V2O5, Ii02 (anatase) and admixtures was supported on a ceramic carrier in the shape of half-rings 10x6x2 mm. 

CPC International Streptomyces Sp. Enzyme adsorbed on granular ceramic carriers 32... 

Possibility to use standard catalyst particles. When hollow extnidates or ring-shaped pellets are used as the catalyst material for the BSR, the catalyst can be manufactured according to standard procedures. Consequently, no additional catalyst development is necessary to apply an existing catalyst in a BSR. This is an advantage over the monolithic reactors, because with those reactors one has to deal with the peculiarities of the washcoat or the ceramic carrier body serving as the support of the active sites. 

Horitsu [100] immobilises yeast cells on the surface of a ceramic carrier by the different charge of carrier and cells. Using this set-up, soy sauce, beer and sake are produced with fermentation times much shorter, up to 10 times, than in conventional processing. Kawase et al. [101] study this immobilisation behaviour by measuring zeta-potentials and find a neat correlation of this potential with the number of adsorbed cells. 

M. Kawase, Y. Kamiya and M. Kaneno, Porous ceramic carrier for bioreactor, in K. Ishikazi, L. Sheppard, S. Okada, T. Hamasaki and B. Huybrechts (Ed.), Ceramic Transactions Vol. 31 Porous Materials. The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH, 1993, pp. 391-400. 

Most CPO catalysts are based on noble metals on a ceramic carrier. The use of a number of different carriers including zirconia and alumina has been reported. Most of the noble metals and nickel are active for CPO, and rhodium is probably the superior metal and is in general superior to platinum at comparable conditions.f ... 

The first air-quality sensors for cars used a Japanese sensor element in which a sensitive tin-oxide material was layered onto a ceramic carrier. This sensor matches very well the requirements for a sensor for controlling air quality in petrol-driven vehicles. In 1986 the first generation was completed it used an Sn02 sensor and detected more than 85% of exhaust gases. However, diesel engines also produce nitrogen oxides, which can not be detected by tin-oxide sensors. 

Cost build-up for a Typical European Threeway Catalyst 1.3 liter ceramic carrier with 1.24 gr/l Pt + Rh (ratio 5)... 

Bare die such as integrated circuits may be assembled in plastic or ceramic carriers, called chip-scale packages, whose dimensions are slightly larger than the chip. CSPs are often defined as packages that are no larger than 1.5 times the area of the die or no more than 1.2 times the width or length of the die. If the carrier is a BGA type, an alternate definition is that the solder-ball pitch be less than 1 mm. The pitch of... 

Bajpai P.K. and Graves G.A. Jr. 1980. Porous Ceramic Carriers for Controlled Release of Proteins, Polypeptide Hormones and other Substances within Human and/or Mammalian Species. US. Patent No. 4218255. 

Filter ceramics, carrier products Chemically resistant, defined pore size distribution, sometime graduated Filters, membranes, diaphragms, carriers for catalytic converter... 

The two-electrode element, 3.8 mm x 3.8 mm X 0.2 mm in size, is shown in Fig. 3. The device was mounted on a ceramic carrier with one end of the heater connected to the NiCr common on the other side of the LiTa03 chip. The assembled tmit was then inserted into a standard 1/4 Union Tee. For completeness, the equivalent circuit of the pyroelectric flow sensors electrode is shown in Fig. 3. 

Sanitized AG has developed Sanitized Silver, which uses a transparent glass ceramic carrier, requires a relatively low dose level, has good high-temperature resistance and is said not to affect the appearance of transparent plastics by dulling them. It has been granted FDA approval for food contact. Ciba Specialty Chemicals has some silver zeolite antimicrobial products those for thin or transparent articles are glass-based. 

Table 2 Parameter values of the 3 3 e 4 factorial design of precipitation polymerization in varioue ceramic carriers...

Catalytic activities are lower than those of commercial ion exchange resins caused by the Inert ceramic carrier. For the MTBE synthesis this is an advantage as explained above. To satisfy the requirements of a special process an optimization has to be done with regard to polymer content, carrier material and swelling behaviour in the reaction fluid. 

The successive loading of a ceramic carrier with tin(IV)oxide and a noble metal is an adequate method to prepare catalysts for carbon monoxide oxidation at low temperatures. 

The preparation includes several calcination steps. The influence of this temperature treatment on tin(IV)oxide and tin(IV)oxide containing catalysts has been investigated. Prolonging the calcining time at 350 °C leads to a decrease of the surface area and a moderate dehydration, increasing the calcining temperature from 350 C upwards equally causes a decrease in surface area, but a complete dehydration. Additionally, an influence of the ceramic carrier on the variation of the surface area during the temperature treatment has been observed. 

The nature of the ceramic carrier itself seems to influence the temperature stability of the surface area cis can be seen from the data given in table 1. Carriers with higher surface area lead to higher values of the tin(IV)oxide surface area, due to a retardation of the sintering process. The catalysts listed in table 1 had been prepared by use of solutions containing the same platinum salt concentration. The correlation between the obtained loading and the tin(lV)oxide surface area implies an interaction between the platinum salt and the oxide as it has been indicated earlier [11]. 

The variation of both the temperature pretreatment and the ceramic carrier of platinum - tin(rV)oxide catalysts allowed the preparation of catalysts with nearly identical platinum content and dispersion, but broadly differing oxygen sorption capeicity. 

Enzymes immobilized microporous matrices, such as organic polymer beads, silica particles, and ceramic carriers, have been widely used for the production... 

Microelectrodes with typical dimensions in the micron- and submicron-range were fabricated on quartz as well as on oxidised silicon wafers by electron-beam-lithography (see Fig I A, B) The chips were mounted and bonded in standard ceramic carriers (LCC 90) The electrically connected chip could be inserted in a plastic ring system (Fig IC) and dnven from outside under sterile conditions (for more information see [5])... 

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