Ferns, arsenic

Tu, S., Ma, L.Q., Fayiga, A.O., and Zillioux, E.J., Phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated ground-water by the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittatah., International Journal of Phytoremediation, 6 (1), 35-47, 2004. 

Mukherjee, S. and Kumar, S., Adsorptive uptake of arsenic(V) from water by aquatic fern Salvinia natans, Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology—Aqua, 54 (1), 47-53, 2005. 

Zhao F.J., Dunham S.J., and McGrath S.P. Arsenic hyperaccumulation by different fern species. New Phytol 2002 156 27-31. 

The list we have presented is far from complete, and is developing as our knowledge of the plant kingdom increases. A recent exciting discovery has been Ma et al. s (2001) description of the fern Pteris vittata, which hyper-accumulates arsenic, and thus may be developed as a phytoremediation technology for this particularly dangerous pollutant. 

Arsenic pentoxide is found to be effective in weed eradication thus New Zealand hard-fern may be destroyed by midsummer spraying in dry weather with a solution containing 1 lb. of As205 in 32 gallons of water,8 and effective control of acacia scrub or thorn bush has been obtained in South Africa by brushing the freshly cut stumps with a... 

Fern ndez-Jimenez, A., Palomo, A., Macphee, D.E. and Lachowski, E.E. (2005) Fixing arsenic in alkali-activated cementitious matrices. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 88(5), 1122-26. 

Huang, J.W., Poynton, C.Y., Kochian, L.V. and Elless, M.P. (2004) Phytofiltration of arsenic from drinking water using arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns. Environmental Science and Technology, 38(12), 3412-17. 

Pickering, I.J., Gumaelius, L., Harris, H.H. et al. (2006) Localizing the biochemical transformations of arsenate in hyperaccumulating fern. Environmental Science and Technology, 40(16), 5010-14. 

Another illustration of the potential in harnessing plant life for soil remediation is the finding20 that the fern, Pier is vittata, when grown in soil containing 6 ppm arsenic, hyper-accumulated 755 ppm of this metalloid in its fronds in only two weeks. When Pier is vittata was grown in artificially contaminated soil (1500 ppm As), the fronds took in 15,861 ppm As in the same two-week time frame. Similarly, research in both the United States and the United Kingdom has demonstrated the potential of using plants from the family Brassicacae in the remediation of soils heavily contaminated with zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead, and selenium.21... 

Ellis, D.R., Gumaelius, L., Indriolo, E., Pickering, I.J., Banks, J.A., and Salt, D.E. 2006. A novel arsenate reductase from the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata. Plant Physiology, 141 1544-54. 

Francesconi, K., Visoottiviseth, R, Sridokchan, W., and Goessler, W. 2002. Arsenic species in an arsenic hyperaccumulating fern, Pityrogramma calomelanos A potential phytoremediator of arsenic-contaminated soils. The Science of the Total Environment, 284(l-3) 27-35. 

Kachenko, A.G., Bhatia, N.P., Singh, B., and Siegele, R. 2007. Arsenic hyperaccumulation and localization in the pinnule and stipe tissues of the gold-dust fern (Pityrogramma calo-melanos) (L.) Link var. austroamericana (Domin) Farw. using quantitative micro-PIXE spectroscopy. Plant and Soil, 300 207-19. 

Luongo, T. and Ma, L.Q. 2005. Characteristics of arsenic accumulation by Pteris and non-Pteris ferns. Plant and Soil, 277 117-26. 

Meharg, A.A. 2003. Variation in arsenic accumulation-hyperaccumulation in ferns and their allies. New Phytology, 157 25-31. 

Salido, A.L., Hasty, K.L., Lim, J.-M., Butcher, D.J. 2003. Phytoremediation of arsenic and lead in contaminated soil using Chinese brake ferns (Pteris vittata) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). International Journal of Phytoremediation, 5(2) 89-103. 

Sundaram, S., Rathinasabapathi, B., Ma, L.Q., and Rosen, B.P. 2008. An arsenate-activated glutaredoxin from the arsenic hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata L. regulates intracellular arsenite. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283 6095-101. 

Herbel M. J., Blum J. S., Hoeft S. E., Cohen S. M., Arnold L. L., LisakJ., Stolz J. F., andOremland R. S. (2002a) Dissimilatory arsenate reductase activity and arsenate-respiring bacteria in bovine rumen fluid, hamster feces, and the termite hindgut. Ferns Microbiol. Ecol. 41, 59-67. 

Microbial arsenic from geocycles to genes and enzymes. Ferns Microbiol Rev. 26, 311-325. 

The term hyperaccumulators was first used by Brooks et al. [113] to describe the plants that take up and accumulate more than 1000 pmoles As/g dry weight. A report about an arsenic-hyperaccumulating fern species additionally discussed the ph)Poremediation potentials of such plants [114]. Recent investigation has shown that the arsenic compounds in terrestrial and aquatic plants, fimgi, and lichen species are also interesting natural products [115, 116]. 

Ma, L. Q., Komar, K. M., Tu, C., Zhang, W. H., Cai, Y., and Kennel ley, E. D. (2001). A fern that hyper-accumulates aisenic a hardy, versatile, fast-growing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils. Nature 409(6820), 579. 

G.L. Duan, et al., Characterization of arsenate reductase in the extract of roots and fronds of Chinese brake fern, an arsenic hyperaccumulator. Plant Physiol. 2005, 735(1), 461 169. 

A number of terrestrial plants are known not only to tolerate but also to hyperaccumu-late metals, and thus they might be useful for phytoextraction. Recently, a brake fern Pteris vitata) was identified that not only can tolerate up to 1500 mgkg arsenic in soil, but has also a bioconcentration factor of about 190 that leads to a content of 2.3% (dry weight), mainly as As " and As (Zhang et al. 2002). 

Webb SM, Gailiard J-F, Ma LQ and Tu C (2003) XAS speciation of arsenic in a hyper-accumulating fern. Environ Sci Technol 37 754-760. 

Some plants are able to accumulate exceedingly high concentrations of arsenic (in the order of 1% dry mass). Such arsenic hyperaccumulators were first reported in 1975 (126), and there have been several subsequent reports (127,128,118,119). Recent work has shown that arsenic-hyperaccumulating ferns store their high arsenic burden primarily in the fronds as arsenite (118,119). Arsenite is generally thought to be the most toxic of the arsenic species the physiological processes at play in the fern are of considerable interest. 

LQ Ma, KM Komar, C Tu, W Zhang, Y Cai, ED Kennelley. A fern that hyperaccu-mulates arsenic. Nature 409 579, 2001. 

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