FEMA: GRAS listings

Consequently Chinese authorities indicated in 1995 that they will accept flavouring substances of the US-FEMA-GRAS list for the time being and think about GRAS-ing additional natural products currently in use. 

Table 3.1 Reference databases used to characterize and compare FEMA GRAS list (3-25) and SuperScent...

Since the introduction of WS-3, many other coolants have appeared on the market, mostly based on the menthol structure and, in fact, synthesized from menthol. These are shown in Fig. 8.45. Three menthyl esters are produced. The lactate (201) is made by Symrise and sold under the trade name Frescolat ML, while the succinate (202) is available from Advanced Biotech as Koolada. Menthyl pyrrohdone carboxylate (203) is sold by Quest as Questice. Questice serves as a sustained release precursor for menthol, the ester function being cleaved by lipases. It therefore finds use in cosmetics since the release rate is affected by the moisture levels in the skin. Thus as the body tries to lose heat, e.g., on exercise, Questice provides the desirable sensation of cooling. Some higher menthyl esters have been patented as coolants by Firmenich (259). Two menthyl ethers are also of interest as coolants. The mono- ether of propylene glycol (204) has been added to the FEMA/GRAS list and the monoglyceryl ether (205) is sold as... 

Under FEMA (Flavor and Extract Manufacturer s Association) and lOFI (International Organization of Flavor Industry), the flavor industry established an independent expert panel for the review of flavor ingredient safety, certainly because of consumers awareness and concerns. FEMA inftoduced a GRAS list of allowed substances in 1965, and has added nearly 2000 compounds since then (6). lOFI is in the process of establishing a list of flavor ingredients it considers safe for use in foods. 

FEMA was foimded in 1909, and is the sole national association of the flavor industry. FEMA assists in the enactment and enforcement of laws which deal with the rights of flavor manufrcturers and consumers, and in the processes which assure its members a supply of safe flavor materials. FEMA s most important activities include safety evaluation of flavor ingredients, protection of member company s intellectual property, establishment of GRAS list. 

Recent reaction flavor work in our labs has lead to a recently GRAS listed material, natural 4-Mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentenone (FEMA 3997), from the reaction of natural Hydrogen Sulfide and natural 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one (equation 12). While the flavor descriptors in the literature vary from catty, buchu, black currant, broom tree to cassis, we have found the material to have a meaty, Chinese pork type of flavor when used in savory applications. 

Regulatory FDA 21CFR 73.100, must be pasteurized to destroy Salmonella, 73.1100, 73.2087 FEMA GRAS Europe listed UK approved EDA approved for orals, exempt from certification, permanently listed JEECA compliance... 

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