Federal governments, development standards

The federal government plays a limited role in the development, adoption, and enforcement of codes and standards, but federal safety regulations are incorporated in the Code... 

The federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect people from the harmful health effects of heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. ERA has banned the sale of all heptachlor products and has restricted the use of heptachlor. ERA allows companies to use heptachlor only to kill fire ants in power transformers. However, people who bought heptachlor before it was banned can still use it for killing termites. 

The federal government has developed guidelines and standards to protect the public from excess exposure to hexachlorobutadiene. ERA has recommended guidelines on how much hexachlorobutadiene can be present in drinking water for specific periods of time without causing adverse health effects in humans. ERA recommends that exposures in children should not exceed 0.3 milligrams per liter of water (mg/L) for 10-day periods, or 0.1 mg/L for more than 7 years. If adults are exposed for long periods (more than 7 years), ERA recommends that exposure levels should not exceed 0.4 mg/L. 

The federal government has set standards and guidelines to protect people from the possible harmful health effects of diazinon. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed... 

This article presents a comprehensive view of the present state-of-the-art of radiochemical separations for the following trace elements in coal Hg, Rb, Cs, Se, Ga, As, Sb, Br, Zn, Cd, and U. Most of the work on the determination of trace elements in coal is very recent. The accuracy of the analysis methods, nearly all newly developed, has been open to question because of the lack of standards and lack of knowledge of the range of concentrations for many trace elements in coal. Federal government laboratories have taken the lead in evaluating methods of analysis and in developing standards. By a round-... 

An unexpected new development is that the EPA refused to give permission to the states to set their standards on C02 emission higher than that of the federal government. This decision was praised by the car manufacturers, but the 17 states have sued the EPA to overturn the decision in the courts. 

Fortunately, for school children, in spite of the inactivity of the federal government, local education authorities in many U.S. states and Canadian provinces have decided to adopt a very simplistic but effective fire test, namely the National Safety Council Standard School bus seat upholstery fire block test, which was approved by the National Conference on School Transportation as part of the National Standards for School Buses and National Standards for School Bus Operations.76 The test involves putting a few sheets of newspaper in a paper bag, placing the bag on a school bus seat and igniting it with a match. If the seat is made of adequate materials, most of it will not bum and if the materials are unsafe, the seat padding and cover will be completely destroyed. Unfortunately, this test has not been adopted by all the local education authorities and it is being applied in different ways. The ASTM subcommittee E05.17, on fire safety and transportation, is working on the development of a paper bag seat test method based on the National Safety Council Standard. 

The fundamental components of the Standard are the statement of objectives of clinical pharmacy and the documentation of procedures for selected clinical activities. In addition, the issues of boundaries of clinical practice, training, and education are addressed. These guidelines have been utilized in policy development at local and federal government levels, in the accreditation of clinical pharmacy services, and as a key standard for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. 

All analysis and measurement procedures cited in the AbwV and AbwAG are standardised methods, either by DIN, ISO or CEN. Development and standardisation of biotests for emission control are carried out by national working groups on biotests (DIN), resulting in DIN standard protocols since 1976. Representatives of federal government, the Lander, industry and universities are usually present in the national working groups. 

From what is currently known about benzo[a]pyrene. the federal government has developed regulatory standards and guidelines to protect people from the potential health effects of PAHs in drinking water. EPA has provided estimates of levels of total cancer-causing PAHs in lakes and streams associated with a risk of human cancer development. If the following amounts of individual PAHs are released to the environment within a 24-hour period, EPA must be notified 1 pound of benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, or dibenz[a.h]anthracene 10 pounds of benz[a]anthracene 100 pounds of acenaphthene, chrysene, fluoranthene, or indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene or 5,000 pounds of acenaphthylene, anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, or pyrene. 

Regulatory and Advisory Standards. In some cases, rather than performing a detailed risk assessment for a specific situation, a user may wish to rely upon the risk assessments that underlie various published regulatory and advisory standards. In other cases (such as at Superfund sites), the user would want to know the relationship between observed concentrations and regulatory/advisory standards even if she or he intended to perform an independent risk assessment. Risk Assistant contains databases of standards and advisory values developed by the Federal government, State governments, and other bodies, such as ... 

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