Sterols fecal

Trautwein, E. A., Rieckhoff, D., Kunath-Rau, A., and Erbersdobler, H. F. (1998). Psyllium, not pectin or guar gum, alters lipoprotein and biliary bile acid composition and fecal sterol excretion in the hamster. Lipids 33, 573-582. 

L. Domellof, L. Darby, D. Hanson, L. Mathews, B. Simi and B. S. Reddy, Fecal sterols and bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity a preliminary metabolic epidemiology study of healthy volunteers from Umea, Sweden, and metropolitan New York, Nutr. Cancer, 1982, 4(2), 120. 

Isobe KO, Tarao M, Zakaria MP, Chiem NH, Minh LY, Takada H, Quantitative application of fecal sterols using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate fecal pollution in tropical waters Western Malaysia and Mekong Delta, Vietnam, Environ Sci Technol 36 4497—4507, 2002. 

Grimalt JO, Fenandez P, Bayona JM, Albaiges J, Assessment of fecal sterols and ketones as indicators of urban sewage inputs to coastal waters, Environ Set Technol... 

The ring structure of cholesterol cannot be metabolized to C02 and HfeO in humans. Rather, the intact sterol nucleus is eliminated from the body by conversion to bile acids and bile salts, which are excreted in the feces, and by secretion of cholesterol into the bile, which transports it to the intestine for elimination. Some of the cholesterol in the intestine is modified by bacteria before excretion. The primary compounds made are the isomers coprostanol and cholestanol, which are reduced derivatives of cholesterol. Together with cholesterol, these compounds make up the bulk of (neutral fecal sterols. 

Degradation of choles terol Mechanisms of choles terol disposal DEGRADATION OF CHOLESTEROL (p. 222) The ring structure of cholesterol can not be metabolized in humans. Cholesterol can be elim inated from the body either by conversion to bile salts or by secretion into the bile. Intestinal bacteria can reduce cholesterol to coprostanol and cholestanol, which together with cholesterol make up the bulk of neutral fecal sterols. 

Blood cholesterol Fecal lipids Fecal sterols... 

Duane, W.C. 1999. Effects of soybean protein and very low dietary cholesterol on serum lipids, biliary lipids, and fecal sterols in humans. Metabolism 48, 489-494. 

Key words Cholesterol absorption, phytosterols, cholesterol excretion, reverse cholesterol transport, ACAT, CEL, inhibitors, bile acids, fecal sterols, dual label, obesity, cardiovascular disease. 

Materials Specific to Measurement of Fecal Sterol Mass andRCT... 

An increased cholesterol excretion, degradation, and decreased synthesis may explain the lower hepatic cholesterol concentration reported in exercised versus sedentary rats. In support of the former, Gollnick and Simmons (73) reported that exercised rats excreted significantly more fecal sterol than sedentary rats. 

Degree of methylation Relative viscosity Total blood cholesterol Fecal 1ipids Total fecal sterols... 

Cholestyramine is a high molecular weight anionic exchange resin which, as the chloride salt, is used to absorb bile acids. In the dog (26), this material, when fed at the level of 25 g/day, was shown to increase fecal sterols by 85 % and fecal bile acids by 160% and to reduce cholesterol levels by 22%. Rate fed 2 % of cholestyramine in the diet showed a three- to fourfold increase in bile acid excretion, and the increase was all in the dihydroxycholanic acid fraction (27). In mice (28), this resin decreased the time for bile acid turnover from 5 to 1.25 days. Fecal neutral sterols were increased by 37%. Pigs fed 2-4% cholestyramine showed a marked increase in bile acid excretion (29). 

Rats on 1 % cholesterol Effective hypocholesterolemic effect higher excretion of fecal sterols and bile acids [104]... 

Attempts have also been made to use coprostanol, a fecal sterol, as an indicator of fecal contamination. Coprostanol is found in the feces of humans as a result of the breakdown of cholesterol by bacteria in the intestines. It is degraded in the marine environment, disappearing in about three weeks hence its concentrations in the sediment maybe useful as an indicator of fecal contamination. Additionally, a significant relationship has been obtained between coprostanol and . coli concentrations in tropical waters [72]. 

This discussion will be limited to only two of the fecal sterols, coprostanol (5j8-cholestan-3/S-ol) and cholestanol (5a-cholestan-3j8-ol)... 

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