Fauna evolution

Succession of flora and fauna refers to the deposition of sedimentary material, which will include the remains of plant and animal life that existed at the time of the deposition of these rock particles. The fossils of these plants and animals will be found in the rock formations that result from the deposition. The presence, absence, or change of the plant and animal life within a sequence of the geologic column provide important information that allows for the correlation of rock formations (and, thereby, relative time) from location to location. Also, the fossil records within sequences give important information regarding the evolution of life through geologic time. 

Some of the fluorinated acids are considerably more toxic to animals than to human beings.57 On the other hand, it has been shown that the impact of fluoroacetate-containing plants on fauna results in evolution of a marked tolerance to the poison.58 In the longer chain... 

The development of the types of skeletons that characterize Tommotian faunas constituted a major evolutionary event. Although skeletons are known to support soft tissue and to facilitate locomotion, such adaptive functions cannot explain why so many different kinds of skeletons developed suddenly in the early part of Tommotian time. It has been suggested that a chemical change within the oceans triggered the production of these skeletons, but this hypothesis does not explain why some skeletons were composed of calcium carbonate and others of calcium phosphate, two compounds with quite different chemical properties. The rapid evolution of various kinds of external skeletons is probably in part attributable to the fact that animals... 

Judging from the character of the changes in the mollusk fauna, one can distinguish the following substages in the evolution history of the basin the Gurian, the Lower and Upper Chaudian, and the Bakunian substages. 

Studenikina El, Frolenko LN (2003) In Proceedings of conference on evolution of marine ecosystem under impact of invaders and artificial mortality of fauna. RAS, Min. Prom. Sci. Tekhnology RF, Rostov-on-Don, p 133 (in Russian)... 

The series of strata beginning with marine remains are replaced from the second half of the Pliocene onwards by a stratigraphical succession of remains of brackish, freshwater and finally pronouncedly terrestrial sediments. Naturally, because of isolation, the faunas of a sea broken into an increasing number of small lakes are unlikely to be as uniform as those the sediments of extensive seas. Since, as indicated above, it is important to refine the stratigraphy of this period, especially that of the later Pleistocene, it is natural that terrestrial vertebrates (i.e. small vertebrates) showing rapid evolution and varying dominance phases should become the focus of attention. 

Kordos, L., 1982. Evolution of the Holocene Vertebrate Fauna in the Clarpathian Basin. Zeitschr. fur Geol. Wiss. Berlin., 10 (1982), 7 963—970. 

Bowler, J. M., 1982, Aridity in the late Tertiary and Quaternary of Australia, in Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia, W. R. Barker and P. J. M. Greenslade, eds.. Peacock Publications, Adelaide, pp. 35 5. 

M. R. S. Briones, R. P. Souto, B. S. Stolf, and B. Zingales, The evolution of two Trypanosoma cruzi subgroups inferred from rRNA genes can be correlated with the interchange of American mammalian faunas in the Cenozoic and has implications to pathogenicity and host specificity, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 104 (1999) 219-232. 

Kamenskaya, O. E., Bagirov, N. E. Simdianov, T. G. 2002. Luffammina atlantica gen. et sp. nov. (Foraminifera, Arboramminidae) from the hydrothermal area Rainbow (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Im. Kuznetsov, A. P. Zezina, O. N. (ed ) Adapation Aspects of Evolution of Marine Fauna. VNIRO Publishing House, Moscow, 144-152. 

MERRICK j R (2006) Australasian freshwater fish fauna diversity, interrelations, radiations and conservation, in Merrick J R, Archer M, Hickey G M and Lee M S Y (eds). Evolution and biogeography of Australasian vertebrates. Oatlands Ausci-pub Pty Ltd, 195-224. 

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