Fault-finding equipment

Produce or acquire handbooks that detail the equipment to be maintained and procedures on fault finding, repair, and verification after repair. 

Debug technicians. They fault find, repair, and test equipment and 30 products down to component level. 

Working on live equipment with voltages in excess of 110 volts must not be permitted except where fault finding or testing measurements cannot be done in any other way. Reasons, such as the inconvenience of halting production, are not acceptable. 

During fault finding on electrical installations and equipment. 

To diagnose and find faults in electrical installations and equipment is probably one of the most difficult tasks undertaken by an electrician. The knowledge of fault finding and the diagnosis of faults can never be completely learned because no two fault situations are exactly the same. As the systems we install become more complex, then the faults developed on these systems become more complicated to solve. To be successful the Individual must have a thorough knowledge of the installation or piece of equipment and have a broad range of the skills and competences associated with the electrical industries. 

If possible, fault finding should be planned ahead to avoid inconvenience to other workers and to avoid disruption of the normal working routine. However, a faulty piece of equipment or a fault in the installation is not normally a planned event and usually occurs at the most inconvenient time. The... 

Early failures may occur almost immediately, and the failure rate is determined by manufacturing faults or poor repairs. Random failures are due to mechanical or human failure, while wear failure occurs mainly due to mechanical faults as the equipment becomes old. One of the techniques used by maintenance engineers is to record the mean time to failure (MTF) of equipment items to find out in which period a piece of equipment is likely to fail. This provides some of the information required to determine an appropriate maintenance strategy tor each equipment item. 

Very few incidents occur because of faults in relief valves themselves. When equipment is damaged because the pressure could not be relieved, someone usually finds afterward that the relief valve (or other relief device) had been isolated (see Section 9.2.2 c), wrongly installed (see Section 3.2.1 e), or interfered with in some other way (see Section 9.2.1 c). The following incidents are concerned with the peripherals of relief valves rather than the valves themselves. 

In the letter the writer specifically mentions vehicles of the Saurer type, which were equipped exclusively with Diesel engines and for this reason were not suitable for exhaust-gas murders. However, the writer does not find any fault with this - he only criticizes that they were absolutely immobilized in rainy weather . How such vehicles, which were as unsuitable as could be for killing human beings, could nevertheless be used to murder Jewish women and children, remains a mystery. 

If the process is out-of-control, the next step is to find the source cause of the deviation (fault diagnosis) and then to remedy the situation. Fault diagnosis can be conducted by associating process behavior patterns to specific faults or by relating the process variables that have significant deviations from their expected values to various equipment that can cause such deviations as discussed in Chapter 7. If the latter approach is used, univariate charts provide readily the information about process variables with significant deviation. Since multivariate monitoring charts summarize the information from many process variables, the variables that inflate... 

Although it is not unusual for equipment to cause excessive variations occasionally, defects can often be related to maintenance faults (e.g. seals not replaced at specified times, volumetric adjustment controls not secured after adjustment). One of the most important process checks is at the start of the batch, particularly after a change-over from a different fill quantity or after a maintenance period. This start-up check is the best opportunity to find the gross error and to ensure that all filling heads are set correctly. 

Manual inspection is inspection performed by an inspector with hand-operated equipment. It is used to find faults in items of high complexity and/or of low number. In these cases it would be too expensive to use an automated system for inspection. That is why automatic inspection is usually seen when applying a quality control to a large number of items. 

While live testing may be required by workers in the electrical industries in order to find the fault, live repair work must not be carried out. The individual circuit or piece of equipment must first be isolated before work commences in order to comply with the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. 

The automation of inspection has evolved into systems that resemble the automated test equipment used to make electrical measurements and find electrical defects (faults). 

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