Fatty acids in fish

Bell, M.V., Henderson, R.J. and Sargent, J.R. (1986). The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 83B, 711-719. 

Mead, J.F., Kayama, M. and Reiser, R. (1960). Biogenesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 37,438-450. 

Sethi, S., Inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial interactions by oxidized omega-3 fatty acids a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, Redox Rep., 7, 369, 2002. 

Role of oxidatively-produced saturated fatty acids In fish flavors... 

The fatty acid composition of marine lipids varies significantly, especially when compared with vegetable oils. The fatty acid composition of blubber oil of marine mammals is generally similar to fish oils as it contains a large proportion of long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids. However, the proportion of fatty acids in fish and marine mammals varies considerably (2). 

S. M. Barlow andM. E. Stansby, eds., Nutritional Evaluation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Fish Oil, Academic Press, London, 1982. 

R. G. Ackman, Fatty Acids in Fish and Shellfish, in C. K. Chow, ed.. Fatty Acids in Foods and their Health Implications, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 169-184. 

Approximately 97% of the total fatty acids in fish oils consist of even-number carbon chains, but odd-number carbon chains and branched-chain odd-carbon acids are also present (58). Digestibility of fish fatty acids in poultry and swine feeds decreases with increasing chain length and increases with increasing unsaturation (59). 

Mu, H. Wes6n, C. Novflt, T. Sundin, P. Skramstad, J. Odham, G. Enrichment of chlorinated fatty acids in fish lipids prior to analysis by capillary gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detection and mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., A 1996, 731, 225 - 236. 

Consumption of PCB-contaminated fish had a positive effect on birth weight in two studies of Lake Michigan women (Dar et al. 1992 Smith 1984). This finding could be related to the beneficial effects of certain fatty acids in fish (Olsen et al. 1990). In one of these studies (Smith 1984), the concentration of PCBs in breast milk was higher than in breast milk from women from the Michigan cohort (1.13 vs... 

Dermaux, A., et al.. Analysis of the triglycerides and the free and derivatized fatty acids in fish oil by capillary electrochromatography, J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 1998, 21, 545. 

Harker, L.A., Kelly,A.B., Hanson, S.R., Krupski, W., Bass,A., Osterud, B., Fitzgerald, G.A., Goodnight, S.H., and Connor, W.W. (1993) Interruption of Vascular Thrombus Formation and Vascular Lesion Formation by Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids in Fish Oil in Nonhuman Primates, Circulation 87,1017-1029. 

Sethi, S., O. Ziouzenkova, H. Ni, D.D. Wagner, J. Plutzky, and T.N. Mayadas. 2002. Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions through activation of PPARa. Blood 100 1340-6. 

Steffens, W. (1997). Effects of variation feeds on nutritive in essential fatty acids in fish value of freshwater fish for humans. Aquaculture, 151,97-119. 

Sebedio, J.-L. and De Rasilly, A. (1993) Analysis of cyclic fatty acids in fish oil concentrates, in Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Lipid Symposium, Imatra, Finland, pp. 212-16. 

Pathways for the biohydrogenation of fatty acids with more than two double bonds are less well understood, especially for the primary (0-3 fatty acids in fish oil with 5 and 6 double bonds. Elucidation of the biohydrogenation pathways for the (0-3 fatty... 

Wesdn, C. Mu, H. Kvemheim, A.L. Larsson, P. Identification of chlorinated fatty acids in fish lipids by partitioning studies and by gas chromatography with Hall electrolytic conductivity detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 1992, 625 (2), 257-269. 

Zhuang, W. McKague, B. Reeve, D. Carey, J. Identification and confirmation of traces of chlorinated fatty acids in fish downstream of bleached kraft pulp mills by gas chromatography with halogen-specific detection. 

The 12-lipoxygenase and 15-lipoxygenase have been identified in fish gill tissue and in chicken muscle by their production of 12-hydroperoxide and 15-hydroperoxide from arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish. TTie substrate dependency and product specificity toward other long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish (20 5 n-3, 22 4 n-6, 22 5 n-3) indicate that the 12-lipoxygenase is specific towards the methyl rather than the carboxyl end and can be described as an n-9 lipoxygenase. The hydroperoxides produced by these enzymes may be decomposed in the presence of metal catalysts to form volatile carbonyls that cause off-flavors in fish and frozen chicken meat. 

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