Fatty acid composition menhaden

Mohamed, A. I., A. S. Hussein, S. J. Bhathena, and Y. S. Hafez. The effect of dietary menhaden, olive, and coconut oil fed with three levels of vitamin E on plasma and liver lipids and plasma fatty acid composition in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2002 13(7) 435-441. Kawano, K., S. Qin S, C. Vieu, X. Collet, and X. C. Jiang. Role of hepatic lipase and scavenger receptor BI in clearing phospholipid/free cholesterol-rich lipoproteins in PLTP-deficient... 

Identification Menhaden Oil can be differentiated from animal fats and vegetable oils by the distinctive significant amount of long-chain C20 and C22 fatty acids. Partially Hydrogenated Menhaden Oil exhibits the following typical composition profile of fatty acids, determined as directed under Fatty Acid Composition, Appendix VII ... 

Fully Hydrogenated Menhaden Oil exhibits the following typical composition profile of fatty acids determined as directed under Fatty Acid Composition, Appendix VII ... 

Figure 2-6 Chromatogram of the Fatty Acid Composition of Fish Oil (Menhaden). Analysis of methyl esters on a 30-m capillary column. Source Reprinted from R.G. Ackman, Animal and Marine Lipids, in Improved and Technological Advances in Alternative Sources of Lipids, B. Kamel and Y. Kakuda, eds., p. 308, 1994, Aspen Publishers, Inc.

After considering the many analyses of fish oils available, the author concluded that there was only one basic fatty acid composition of fish oils from coldwater or from northern latitudes (27). Generally this is typified by menhaden oil, a species that feeds exclusively by filtering phytoplankton out of the ocean water in the Gulf of Mexico or in the Atlantic Ocean off the east coast of the United States or the... 

TABLE 6. Fatty Acid Composition (wAiv%) of Menhaden Oil with Olein and Stearine Fractions. 

Swanson JE, Black JM, Kinsella JE. Dietary menhaden oil effects on the rate and magnitude of modification of phospholipid fatty acid composition of mouse heart and brain. Br J Nutr 1988 59 535-545. 

Typical Fatty Acid Composition of Menhaden Fish Oil ... 

Miller, D., Gruger, E.H., Leong, K.C. and Knobl, G.M. (1967) Effect of refined menhaden oils on the flavor and fatty acid composition of broiler flesh. J. Food Sci. 32, 342-345. Miller, D., Leong, K.C. and Smith, P. (1969) Effect of feeding and withdrawal of menhaden oil on the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid content of broiler tissues. J. Food Sci. 34, 136-141. Miller, M.F., Shackelford, S.D., Hayden, K.D. and Reagan, J.O. (1990) Determination of the alteration in fatty acid profiles, sensory characteristics and carcass traits of swine fed elevated levels of monounsaturated fats in the diet. J. Anim. Sci. 68, 1624-1631. Mitsumoto, M., Faustman, C., Cassens, R.G., Arnold, R.G., Schaefer, D.M. and Scheller,... 

For decades, up to about 1950, it was thought that marine fats were species-specific (Lovern, 1942 Hilditch and Williams, 1964). The advent of gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and the pioneering analysis of menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannis) oil by Farquhar et al. (1959) slowly opened the way to the view that the fatty acid compositions of the triglyceride... 

The following members of the herring fish family are considered to be satisfactory sources of oil herring, sardines (CaUfomian or Japanese pilchards, etc.), sprat or brisling, anchovies (German Sardellen or Swedish sardell) and the Atlantic menhaden. The fatty acid compositions of the various fish oils differ from each other (Table 14.4). 

Gonzalez-Esquerra, R. and Leeson, S. 2000. Effects of menhaden oil and flaxseed in broiler diets on sensory quality and lipid composition of poultry meat. British Poultry Sci. 41, 481—488. Gonzalez-Esquerra, R. and Leeson, S. 2001. Alternatives for enrichment of eggs and chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81, 295-305. 

Table 5 shows the marketing and label strategies for some current marine omega-3 products sold in Halifax, Canada. Obviously samples No. 1 and No. 6 are natural oils. Perhaps No. 5 is simply winterized oil, a process demonstrated in Table 6 for menhaden oil, which follows from the tendency for DHA to be in the 2-position of fish oil triacylglycerols (81). EPA is reputed to be somewhat less specihc. In the absence of 20 1 and 22 1, the outer 1- and 3-positions may, in some molecules, present two saturated fatty acids from 14 0, 16 0, and 18 0 in one triacylglycerol molecule, which leads to the stearine composition of Table 6. 

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