Fate of organic contaminants

Rogers HR (1996) Sources, behavior and fate of organic contaminants during sewage sludges. Sci Total Environ 185 3-26... 

Brusseau, M.L. and Koakana, R.S. (1996) Transport and Fate of Organic Contaminants in the Subsurface, in Contaminants and the Soil Environment in the Australasia-Pacific Region, (eds. R.Naidu, R.S.Kookana, D.P.Oliver, S.Rogers and M.J.McLaughlin) Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 95-125. 

Klausen, J., M. A. Meier, and R. P. Schwarzenbach, Assessing the fate of organic contaminants in aquatic environments Mechanism and kinetics of hydrolysis of a carboxylic ester , J. Chem. Educ., 74, 1440-1444 (1997). 

In certain cases, these rules, and most other definitions of oxidation and reduction, give counter-intuitive or contradictory results (12). For this reason, in part, few general works on organic reactivity place significant emphasis on reactions classified as oxidations or reductions (major exceptions are 13-17). Environmental chemists, on the other hand, still find it useful to classify organic transformations as oxidations or reductions (e.g., 2, 9,11, 18,19) because the environments in which they occur are often distinctive in this regard. The major (abiotic, non-photochemical) oxidation and reduction reactions that influence the environmental fate of organic contaminants are summarized in the two sections that follow. 

For the purposes of this review, we have chosen the term sequestration to represent contaminant removal by processes that do not involve contaminant degradation. Although the term is most commonly applied to the fate of organic contaminants [54], it can also be applied to metals and other inorganic contaminants. In older literature on removal of contaminant metals, the term cementation was commonly used (e.g., Ref. 55), but this term is not used here. 

Klausen, J. Meier, M. A. Schwarzenbach, R. P. Assessing the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Aquatic Environments Mechanism and Kinetics of Hydrolysis of a Carboxylic Ester, J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74 1440-1444. 

Lyngkilde J. and Christensen T. H. (1992a) Fate of organic contaminants in the redox zones of a landhll leachate pollution plume (Vejen, Denmark). J. Contamin. Hydrol. 10, 291-307. 

Box 4.14 Physical and chemical properties that dictate the fate of organic contaminants... 

N.S. (2005) Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy a new tool to monitor the fate of organic contaminants in plants. Microchem. J.,... 

Examples of Abiotic and Biotic Processes Regulating the Fate of Organic Contaminants in Wetlands and Aquatic Ecosystems... 

What is the difference between biotic and abiotic transformations. List an example of each process that regulates the fate of organic contaminants in wetlands. 

Conn KE, Barber LB, Brown GK, Siegrist RL (2006) Occm-rence and fate of organic contaminants during onsite wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Technol 40 7358-7366... 

Eganhouse R. P., Pontolillo J. and Leiker T. J. (2000) Diagenetic fate of organic contaminants on the Palos Verdes Shelf, California. Mar. Ghent. 70, 289-315. 

WUson SC, Duarte-Davidson R, Jones KC (1996) Screening the environmental fate of organic contaminants in sewage sludges applied to agricultural soUs. 1. The potential for downward movement to groundwaters. Sci Total Environ 185 45... 

The fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments is of primary concern in environmental science. The capacity to which soil constituents can potentially react with organic contaminants may profoundly impact assessments of risks associated with specific contaminants and their degradation products. In particular, clay mineral surfaces are known to facilitate oxidation/reduction, acid/base, polymerization, and hydrolysis reactions at the mineral-aqueous interface (1, 2). Since these reactions are occurring on or at a hydrated mineral surface, non-invasive spectroscopic analytical methods are the preferred choice to accurately ascertain the reactant products and to monitor reactions in real time, in order to determine the role of the mineral surface in the reaction. Additionally, the in situ methods employed allow us to monitor the ultimate changes in the physico-chemical properties of the minerals. 

Duarte-Davidson, R. and Jones, K.C., Screening the environmental fate of organic contaminants in sewage sludge applied to agricultural soils II. The potential for transfers to plants and grazing animals. The Sciences of the Total Environment, 185, 59, 1996. 

This chapter has defined the major processes that contribute to transfer of organic chemicals between the atmosphere and plant canopy systems, reviewed the theoretical underpinnings of the two most important processes, and summarized the available measurements of the mass transfer parameters. It was illustrated that forest canopies can play an important part in the environmental fate of organic contaminants, particularly for those with intermediate Kqa values and high ATaw values, in addition to the more obvious consequences of chemical accumulation in plants for phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in terrestrial food chains. The methods presented here allow order of magnitude calculations of the most important chemical fluxes and illustrate how they will be influenced by chemical and environmental properties. 

---