Counter-intuitiveness

To many, it seems counter intuitive that increasing the total pressure increases the vapor pressure, but such is the case. However, the change is small, and the effect of total pressure on vapor pressure can generally be ignored, unless large pressure changes are involved. 

In the direct adsorption process, the ground state of the atom is in the three-dimensional space above the surface (we apologize for the somewhat counter-intuitive terminology of using ground state for a molecule above the surface). The transition state is the fully immobilized atom on the surface site, which is not allowed to move around... 

Re-entrant foam provides a counter-intuitive demonstration of processing (5). Polyurethane can be isotropically compressed in a mold and heated to about 170 °C. The microstructure of the resulting solid yields a material that bulges in cross section when stretched More information on polymers will be available from John Droske s complementary NSF-funded project (described in the preceding section). 

In contrast to the strong effect of gas properties, it has been found that the thermal properties of the solid particles have relatively small effect on the heat transfer coefficient in bubbling fluidized beds. This appears to be counter-intuitive since much of the thermal transport process at the submerged heat transfer surface is presumed to be associated with contact between solid particles and the heat transfer surface. Nevertheless, experimental measurements such as those of Ziegler et al. (1964) indicate that the heat transfer coefficient was essentially independent of particle thermal conductivity and varied only mildly with particle heat capacity. These investigators measured heat transfer coefficients in bubbling fluidized beds of different metallic particles which had essentially the same solid density but varied in thermal conductivity by a factor of nine and in heat capacity by a factor of two. 

A convenient and easily accessible way to quantify hydrophobicity is the determination of the octanolAvater partition coefficient (log P) and we have determined the hydrophobicity of 13 selected ruthenium-arene complexes (71). As expected, hydrophobicity increases with an increase of the size of the coordinated arene ring, but decreases significantly when the chloride is replaced by neutral ligands such as pyridine and 4-cyanopyridine. The latter observation is somewhat counter intuitive at first inspection, but correlates with replacement of anionic chloride to yield a dicationic complex. The hydrophobicity... 

We have completed two OGIs and the third will be released in May 2005. In addition, we have a new research project in place that is trying to find out how those high organic growth companies are able to accomplish what so few companies are able to do. And the preliminary results are surprising and counter-intuitive. 

A5 C(C1) = —29.8, (A5 C(C1) = —54.5) are observed and a relatively large /(C2H) coupling constant of 165.9 Hz is detected. This counter-intuitive low-frequency shift of the C NMR resonance of Cl and C2 as well as the large scalar CH coupling constant was rationalized for similar bishomoaromatic carbon cations like the 7-norbornenyl cation, 79, by the hypercoordinated nature of the vinylic C atoms and was put forward as spectroscopic evidence for bishomoaromaticity. " ... 

An interesting consequence of the fast formation of the chromic ester is that, sometimes, chromium-based oxidants counter-intuitively are able to oxidize quicker alcohols possessing a greater steric hindrance, as the initially fonned chromic ester releases greater tension on evolving to a carbonyl. Thus, axial alcohols are oxidized quicker than equatorial ones with chromic acid.6 The reverse—a somehow expected behavior—is observed, for example in oxidations with activated DMSO.7... 

The pressure at which this dissociation is predicted to occur is called the hydrate pseudo-retrograde pressure at T. Pseudo-retrograde behavior is defined as the disappearance of a dense phase upon pressurization, which is counter-intuitive. This behavior resembles, but is not strictly the same as, vapor-liquid retrograde phenomena (de Loos, 1994). 

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