Fatalities recordable cases

Provide employee accident experience for the past 5 years, including the current year. The submittal shall specifically include OSHA recordable cases rate, lost and restricted workday cases rate, vehicle accident rate, and number of fatalities with a description of each. The workers compensation interstate experience modification rate should be less than 1.0, and applicable SIC codes should be noted. 

In evaluating fire statistics, it is important to recognize that these numbers are extrapolated from only a few recorded actual cases. For instance, the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) report on upholstered furniture flammability shows a total of only three fatalities recorded for upholstered furniture fires initiated from open-flame sources for the states of California and Ohio in 1977 A single multi-fatality fire could dramatically change those numbers as happened in 1976. That year only one fire was coded as originating from a match or lighter. 

Recordable fatality cases Injuries that result in death, regardless of the time between the injury and death or the length of the illness. 

Recordable nonfatal cases without lost workdays Cases of occupational injury or illness that do not involve fatalities or lost workdays but do result in (1) transfer to another job or termination of employment or (2) medical treatment other than first aid or (3) diagnosis of occupational illness or (4) loss of consciousness or (5) restriction of work or motion. 

A nested case-control study within a cohort of rubber workers in the United States was performed to examine the relationship between exposure to solvents and the risk of cancer (Checkoway et al., 1984 Wilcosky et al., 1984). The cohort consisted of 6678 male rubber workers who either were active or retired between 1964 and 1973. The cases comprised all persons with fatal stomach cancer (n = 30), respiratory system cancer (z7 = 101), prostate cancer ( = 33), lymphosarcoma (n = 9) or lymphocytic leukaemia (z7 = 10). These sites were chosen because they were those at which cancers had been found to be in excess in an earlier cohort analysis (McMichael et al., 1976). The controls were a 20% age-stratified random sample of the cohort (z = 1350). Exposure was classified from a detailed work history and production records. An association was observed between exposure for one year or more to carbon tetrachloride and lymphocytic leukaemia (odds ratio (OR), 15.3 / < 0.0001, based on eight exposed cases) and lymphosarcoma (OR, 4.2 p < 0.05, based on six exposed cases) after adjusting for year of birth. The relative risk associated with 24 solvents was examined and levels of exposure were not reported. [The Working Group noted that overlapping exposures limit the ability to draw conclusions regarding carbon tetrachloride.]... 

As of 31 December 1993, there were 18 cases of fatal pulmonary embolism in association with clozapine therapy in users aged 10-54 years. Based on the extent of use recorded in the Clozapine National Registry, the mortality rate associated with pulmonary embolism was 1 death per 3450 person years of use. This rate was about 28 times higher than that in the general population of a similar age and sex (95% Cl = 17,42). Whether pulmonary embolism can be attributed to clozapine or some characteristic(s) of its users is not clear (53). 

On I May 1981, in a district of Madrid in Spain, an 8-year-old boy died, apparently from a disease affecting the respiratory system. Later six more members of the family feU ill with similar symptoms. Other cases were reported at around the same time and within a few days the Directorate of Public Health became aware of the problem. This marked the beginning of an unusual outbreak of respiratory disease in and around Madrid. Within a week 150 or more cases per day were being recorded in various areas of Spain, and by June there were 2,000 cases in hospitals in Madrid. The outbreak rapidly became an epidemic, with over 10,000 cases being seen in hospitals in two months, and more than 20,000 cases were recorded by December 1982. There were a total of 351 fatalities. The iUness was widely reported and was so serious that the World Health Organization convened a conference in 1983. ... 

One of the first major compilations of statistics was produced by H. Thaler in 1964 in 23,382 biopsies, the lethality rate was 0.017% and the complication rate 0.10%. (158) In evaluating 79,381 liver biopsies, H. Lindner (1967) calculated a lethality rate of 0.015% and a morbidity rate of 0.34%. (85) In 19,563 liver biopsies, E. WiLDHiRT registered no fatal cases with a morbidity rate of 0.089%. (176) In a multicentre study carried out by F. PiccioNiNo et af, 68,276 liver biopsies were recorded during the period 1973-1983 with a lethality rate of 0.009% and a morbidity rate of 0.21%. In this study, the Vim-Silverman and Tru-cut needle types proved to have the highest risk rate (0.31% to 0.34%). (121) Severe complications were found in 0.57% of cases by J.F. Cadranel et al. (15) Among 4,124 of our own biopsies (Menghini needle), we registered no cases of death whatsoever from 1961 to 1987 the complication rate was 0.15% (s. tab. 7.7). 

Physicians and medical staff at dialysis units, as well as the patients themselves, are exposed to a particularly high risk. At 15 American dialysis centres, the physicians presented an HBsAg frequency of 2.4%, which is 5 times higher than in the general population. In 1978 a total of 752 physicians and nursing staff contracted hepatitis B with 5 fatal cases in 350 European dialysis units. The number of lethal infections recorded in the field of dialysis totalled 65 between 1972 and 1978. However, the subsequently improved preventive measures, parallel to the separation of hepatitis-positive from hepatitis-negative units and, in particular, the emplo)mient of immunized staff have resulted in the extensive ehmination of HBV infection in the field of dialysis. (211)... 

Transient bacteremia was recorded in 11.4% of a series of 175 patients who had undergone barium enema examination it appeared almost at once and lasted up to 15 minutes (16). Although a second study elsewhere failed to confirm these findings, a subsequent fatal case of staphylococcal septicemia in an elderly patient with an immune deficiency suggests that the risks are not merely theoretical (17). 

From 1973 onward many cases of an encephalopathy were reported among bismuth users. By 1979, 945 cases had been recorded in France alone, 72 of them fatal the worldwide total exceeded 1000 cases. Bismuth encephalopathy is characterized by ataxia, confusion, speech disorder, and myoclonus. The subgaUate and oxychloride have been imphcated, as has the subcitrate when used in a patient... 

Of 172 published cases of boric acid intoxication, 83 proved fatal the series included 37 deaths after external use of boric acid, 23 of these being children who had developed diaper rashes. The actual number of cases, mostly unpubhshed, must have been much greater from 1974 to March 1984, 134 cases of intoxication by boric acid or borates were recorded in France alone, 88 being accidental and 31 associated with medicinal use. 

Stein U, Greyer H, Hentschel H. Nutmeg (myristicin) poisoning—report on a fatal case and a series of cases recorded by a poison information centre. Forensic Sci Int 2001 118(l) 87-90. 

Headache, drowsiness, and dizziness are common with niridazole (2,4,5). More severe neuropsychiatric symptoms are more frequent in patients with liver disease, especially those with portosystemic shunts, in whom the drug bypasses the liver (6). Symptoms in these cases include insomnia, anxiety, depression, confusion, hallucinations, and convulsions the reactions may prove fatal. The electroencephalogram can show slowed alpha rhythms, beta waves, and theta waves, as well as sharp wave and spike forms with niridazole (7). A single case of acute cortical necrosis was recorded in the much older literature, but was probably coincidental (SED-8, 691) (8). Agitation can occur in patients with abnormal liver function. 

Phenylbutazone causes blood dyscrasias (SED-8, 213) (SEDA-2, 92) (7,15). The most serious adverse effect is aplastic anemia which, according to Swedish and British sources, ends fatally in almost 50% of cases (15,16,17). More than 1100 deaths are on record with the principal manufacturer (SEDA-8, Essay). 

In patients with neurocysticercosis treated with praziquantel in increasing doses of 10-50 mg/kg/day for the first week and maintenance therapy during the second week, 27 (60%) presented with adverse effects, three requiring interruption of therapy. Increased intracranial pressure occurred in two cases (one fatal). Exacerbation of CSF pleocytosis was recorded in 26 patients (57%) (SEDA-16, 311). 

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