FAST index

McFarlane, N., Salt, J. and Birkin, R. The FAST index - a fishy scale. Inform, 12, 244—249... 

Figure 1 FAST index in 9 non-hydrolyzed infant formidas and changes during storage. Solid bars starting formulas (n=7) hatched bars follow-on formulas (n-2) first bar sample taken immediately after purchase second bar sample taken at the end of recommended storage period FAST/ref fluorescence of advanced Maillard products/fiuorescence of soluble tryptophan...

FAST index was confirmed as susceptible indicator of the formation of MRPs in non-hydrolyzed formulas. Interestingly, FAST index determined in the formulas did not correlate with the content of the compounds considered to have important influence on the rate of glycation, e.g. lactose, vitamin C, or iron. This is most probably due to a fact that manufacturers data indicated on the packaging were used for calculations, e.g. the real levels of vitamin C remain unknown, because of variable initial amounts added and... 

Microscopy (qv) plays a key role in examining trace evidence owing to the small size of the evidence and a desire to use nondestmctive testing (qv) techniques whenever possible. Polarizing light microscopy (43,44) is a method of choice for crystalline materials. Microscopy and microchemical analysis techniques (45,46) work well on small samples, are relatively nondestmctive, and are fast. Evidence such as sod, minerals, synthetic fibers, explosive debris, foodstuff, cosmetics (qv), and the like, lend themselves to this technique as do comparison microscopy, refractive index, and density comparisons with known specimens. Other microscopic procedures involving infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectroscopy (qv) also are used to examine many types of trace evidence. 

The ISO philosophy for the assessment of hot environments is to use a simple, fast method of monitoring the environment, based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index (ISO 7243). If the WBGT value exceeds the provided reference value, or if a more detailed analysis is required, then ISO 7933 provides an analytical method of assessment. 

A third parameter to consider is the column construction. Thus the sample applicator should provide optimal sample application to give the most performance possible out of the packed bed. Constructions should also allow simple, fast, and reproducible packing of the column. Because costs for repacking of columns are a substantial operating cost item in industrial chromatography, the selection of column construction from this point of view is also important. Some novel column constructions allow very simple procedures both for laboratory and for industrial scale (e.g., INdEX columns, see Section V). 

The x -test discussed in the preceding needs a graphical counterpart for a fast, visual check of data. A useful method exists for normally distributed data that could also be adapted to other distributions. The idea is to first order the observations and then to assign each one an index value /n, 2/n,... 

The pH differential method was described as a fast and convenient assay for the quantitation of monomeric anthocyanins by Giusti (2001). It was approved by the Association of OfQcial Analytical Chemists (AOAC) in 2005 as a standard method to evaluate total monomeric anthocyanin pigment content in fruit juices, beverages, natural colorants, and wines. The degradation index is the ratio between total and monomeric anthocyanins (Table 6.3.1). The content of total anthocyanins can be obtained by the single pH method and the monomeric anthocyanin by the pH differential method. ... 

Since oxidation of methanol is an electrocatalytic reaction with different adsorption steps, interactions of the adsorbed species with the metallic surface are important. Using platinum single-crystal electrodes, it has been proven that the electrooxidation of methanol is a surface-sensitive reaction. The initial activity of the Pt(llO) plane is much higher than that of the other low-index planes, but the poisoning phenomenon is so rapid that it causes a fast decrease in the current densities. The... 

For the application of QDs to three-dimensional biological imaging, a large two-photon absorption cross section is required to avoid cell damage by light irradiation. For application to optoelectronics, QDs should have a large nonlinear refractive index as well as fast response. Two-photon absorption and the optical Kerr effect of QDs are third-order nonlinear optical effects, which can be evaluated from the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, or the nonlinear refractive index, y, and the nonlinear absorption coefficient, p. Experimentally, third-order nonlinear optical parameters have been examined by four-wave mixing and Z-scan experiments. 

Valko, K., Bevan, C., Reynolds, D. Chromatographic hydrophobicity index by fast-gradient RP-HPLC a high-throughput alternative to log P/log D. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2022-2029. 

Valko et al. [37] developed a fast-gradient RP-HPLC method for the determination of a chromatographic hydrophobicity index (CHI). An octadecylsilane (ODS) column and 50 mM aqueous ammonium acetate (pH 7.4) mobile phase with acetonitrile as an organic modifier (0-100%) were used. The system calibration and quality control were performed periodically by measuring retention for 10 standards unionized at pH 7.4. The CHI could then be used as an independent measure of hydrophobicity. In addition, its correlation with linear free-energy parameters explained some molecular descriptors, including H-bond basicity/ acidity and dipolarity/polarizability. It is noted [27] that there are significant differences between CHI values and octanol-water log D values. 

The qualitative voltammetric behavior of methanol oxidation on Pt is very similar to that of formic acid. The voltammetry for the oxidation of methanol on Pt single crystals shows a clear hysteresis between the positive- and negative-going scans due to the accumulation of the poisoning intermediate at low potentials and its oxidation above 0.7 V (vs. RHE) [Lamy et al., 1982]. Additionally, the reaction is also very sensitive to the surface stmcture. The order in the activity of the different low index planes of Pt follows the same order than that observed for formic acid. Thus, the Pt(l 11) electrode has the lowest catalytic activity and the smallest hysteresis, indicating that both paths of the reaction are slow, whereas the Pt( 100) electrode displays a much higher catalytic activity and a fast poisoning reaction. As before, the activity of the Pt(l 10) electrode depends on the pretreatment of the surface (Fig. 6.17). 

---